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The epigenetics of rRNA genes: from molecular to chromosome biology

机译:rRNA基因的表观遗传学:从分子生物学到染色体生物学

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摘要

In eukaryotes, the genes encoding ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) exist in two distinct epigenetic states that can be distinguished by a specific chromatin structure that is maintained throughout the cell cycle and is inherited from one cell to another. The fact that even in proliferating cells with a high demand of protein synthesis a fraction of rDNA is silenced provides a unique possibility to decipher the mechanism underlying epigenetic regulation of rDNA. This chapter summarizes our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that establish and propagate the epigenetic state of rRNA genes, unraveling a complex interplay of DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes that act in concert with chromatin remodeling complexes and RNA-guided mechanisms to define the transcriptional state of rDNA. We also review the critical role of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF in the formation of active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and maintenance of the euchromatic state of rRNA genes.
机译:在真核生物中,编码核糖体RNA(rDNA)的基因以两种不同的表观遗传状态存在,可以通过在整个细胞周期中维持并从一个细胞遗传到另一个细胞的特定染色质结构来区分。即使在对蛋白质合成有很高要求的增殖细胞中,rDNA的一部分仍被沉默,这一事实为解释rDNA表观遗传调控的潜在机制提供了独特的可能性。本章总结了我们关于建立和传播rRNA基因表观遗传状态的分子机制的知识,揭示了DNA甲基转移酶和组蛋白修饰酶的复杂相互作用,这些相互作用与染色质重塑复合物和RNA指导的机制共同定义了转录状态rDNA。我们还审查了RNA聚合酶I转录因子UBF在活性核仁组织区(NORs)的形成和rRNA基因的正常状态维持中的关键作用。

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