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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of epidemiology >Epidemiologic features of HTLV-II: serologic and molecular evidence.
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Epidemiologic features of HTLV-II: serologic and molecular evidence.

机译：HTLV-II的流行病学特征：血清学和分子证据。

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PURPOSE: A literature review was performed of the three principal subpopulations most commonly associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) with the view of identifying the prevalence and transmission routes of HTLV-II. These included blood donors (BDs), intravenous drug users (IVDUs), and Amerindians (Indian populations from the Americas). We used the major criterion of serological and molecular distinction between human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II). Three questions were formulated in addressing the possibility that HTLV-II might be responsible for the reported prevalence and transmission of this virus in these groups. Question One: Which population groups have the highest HTLV-II seroprevalence rates? Question Two: Are worldwide HTLV infection rates among the three sub-populations associated predominantly with the HTLV-II retrovirus type? Question three: What are the principal modes of transmission of HTLV-II? METHODS: Since earlier epidemiologic studies did not routinely use assays capable of distinguishing between HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibodies, their findings are necessarily inaccurate. However, with the more recent development of enhanced serologic assays, using recombinant antigens that are capable of accurately making this differentiation, it is now possible to more precisely define the epidemiology of HTLV-II. We reviewed only those studies where serological and molecular methods of accurately distinguishing between the two retroviruses were utilized. Initially, we located 36 studies, which met this particular review criterion. Of the five different assays we identified, the most prevalent were the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 14) and the synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunoassay (Synth EIA) (n = 13). Our BD, IVDU, and Amerindian groups were also evaluated according to this differentiation schema. We were able to locate over 100 prevalence studies where focus was on some aspect of analysis of at least one or more of these three groups. By using many search terms - such as HTLV-II endemic population, seroepidemiological, as well as case control and cohort studies - we were able to create a comprehensive bibliographic database. RESULTS: The two groups identified with high HTLV-II prevalence rates are the IVDUs and Amerindian population. The importance of breast-feeding, IVDU, and contaminated blood products in the HTLV-II transmission process is confirmed. Sexual intercourse, however, as a mode of HTLV-II transmission remains problematic. CONCLUSIONS: By confining our evaluation to only those studies that used serological and/or molecular methods capable of distinguishing between the two retroviruses, we have been able to establish with confidence that there are consistent emerging patterns of HTLV-II infection in these populations.
机译：目的：对三个最主要与人类T细胞淋巴病毒II型（HTLV-II）相关的三个主要亚群进行了文献综述，以鉴定HTLV-II的流行和传播途径。其中包括献血者（BDs），静脉吸毒者（IVDU）和美洲印第安人（美洲印第安人）。我们使用人类T细胞淋巴病毒I型（HTLV-I）和II型（HTLV-II）之间血清学和分子区分的主要标准。提出了三个问题，以解决HTLV-II可能导致这些人群中这种病毒的流行和传播的原因。问题一：哪些人群的HTLV-II血清阳性率最高？问题二：在三个亚群中，全球HTLV感染率是否主要与HTLV-II逆转录病毒类型相关？问题三：HTLV-II的主要传播方式是什么？方法：由于早期的流行病学研究并未常规使用能够区分HTLV-I和HTLV-II抗体的测定方法，因此其发现必然不准确。然而，随着增强的血清学测定法的最新发展，使用能够精确进行这种分化的重组抗原，现在有可能更精确地确定HTLV-II的流行病学。我们仅回顾了利用血清学和分子方法准确区分两种逆转录病毒的研究。最初，我们找到了36个满足特定审查标准的研究。在我们确定的五种不同测定中，最普遍的是聚合酶链反应（PCR）（n = 14）和基于合成肽的酶联免疫测定（Synth EIA）（n = 13）。我们的BD，IVDU和Amerindian组也根据这种区分方案进行了评估。我们能够找到100多个流行率研究，这些研究的重点是对这三个组中至少一个或多个的分析。通过使用许多搜索词（例如HTLV-II流行人群，血清流行病学以及病例对照和队列研究），我们能够创建一个全面的书目数据库。结果：HTLV-II患病率较高的两组分别是IVDU和美洲印第安人。证实了母乳喂养，IVDU和受污染的血液制品在HTLV-II传播过程中的重要性。然而，作为HTLV-II传播方式的性交仍然存在问题。结论：通过将我们的评估仅限于那些使用能够区分两种逆转录病毒的血清学和/或分子方法的研究，我们可以自信地确定这些人群中存在持续出现的HTLV-II感染模式。

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