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Elemental and non-elemental olfactory learning using PER conditioning in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris

机译：在熊蜂大熊蜂中使用PER调节的元素和非元素嗅觉学习

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摘要

Learning olfactory stimuli and their implications is essential in bumblebees for orientation and recognition of nest sites and food sources. To evaluate associative learning abilities in bees under controlled environmental conditions, the proboscis extension response (PER) assay is a well-established method used in honeybees and has recently been successfully adapted to bumblebees. In this study, we examined the cognitive abilities of workers of the eusocial bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, by trainingindividuals in different olfactory learning tasks using classical PER conditioning. We compared learning performance for four different floral odors. Individuals were able to solve absolute (A+) and differential (A+ vs. B-) conditioning tasks, and no differences were found between single odors and odor combinations, respectively. Furthermore, bumblebees performed well on a positive pattern discrimination task (A-, B- vs. AB+), but failed to solve the negative pattern discrimination (A+, B+ vs. AB-). Ourresults indicate that workers of B. terrestris possess elemental olfactory learning abilities, but, in contrast to previous findings in honeybees, fail in more complex tasks, such as negative pattern discrimination. We discuss possible ultimate causes that have led to the difference in learning capabilities between bumblebees and honeybees.
机译：在大黄蜂中，学习嗅觉刺激及其含义对于定位和识别巢穴和食物来源至关重要。为了评估在受控环境条件下蜜蜂的联想学习能力，长鼻延伸反应（PER）测定法是一种在蜜蜂中使用的成熟方法，最近已成功地应用于大黄蜂。在这项研究中，我们通过使用经典的PER条件训练个体在不同嗅觉学习任务中的能力，来检验正常社会大黄蜂Bombus terrestris工人的认知能力。我们比较了四种不同花香的学习效果。个人能够解决绝对（A +）和差异（A +与B-）调节任务，并且单个气味和气味组合之间分别没有发现差异。此外，大黄蜂在正模式识别任务（A-，B-与AB +）上表现良好，但未能解决负模式识别（A +，B +与AB-）。我们的研究结果表明，地松芽孢杆菌的工人具有基本的嗅觉学习能力，但是与蜜蜂以前的发现相反，它们无法完成更复杂的任务，例如负面模式歧视。我们讨论了导致大黄蜂和蜜蜂之间学习能力差异的最终原因。

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