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A review of public water infrastructure financing in the United States

机译：美国对公共水基础设施融资的审查

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Abstract The delivery of clean drinking water and the treatment of wastewater are critical public services, and in the United States, they are provided by a complex system of federal, state, and local governments. The process of water treatment and delivery requires significant investment in infrastructure both for initial capital requirements as well as the on‐going maintenance and operating costs. The quality of drinking water in the United States is, on average, relatively high, but according to the American Water Works Association, an estimated $1 trillion is necessary to maintain and expand service to meet demands over the next 25 years. The water infrastructure needs in the United States require both immediate attention and long‐term solutions, and the dollar cost is climbing rapidly. It remains unclear, however, where these funds will come from and how they will be allocated. The goal of this paper is to review the portfolio of financing options that exist for public entities responsible for the construction and maintenance of water infrastructure in the United States, including the municipal bond market, state revolving loan funds, federal grant and loan programs, public–private partnerships, and recent financing innovations. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation Human Water > Value of Water Human Water > Water Governance
机译：摘要清洁饮用水和废水处理是关键的公共服务，在美国，它们由联邦，州和地方政府的复杂体系提供。水处理和分娩过程需要针对初始资本需求以及正在进行的维护和运营成本进行大量投资。在美国，饮用水的质量平均相对较高，但是根据美国水工厂协会的说法，估计需要1万亿美元来维持和扩展服务以满足未来25年的需求。美国的水基础设施需求既需要立即关注和长期解决方案，而且美元成本正在迅速上升。但是，尚不清楚这些资金将来自何处以及如何分配。本文的目的是审查负责在美国建设和维护水基础设施的公共实体的融资方案组合，包括市政债券市场，州循环贷款资金，联邦赠款和贷款计划，公众 - 私人合作伙伴关系和最近的融资创新。本文分类为：工程水>水，健康和卫生人类水>水的价值>水治理

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