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Water and mental health

机译：水与心理健康

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Abstract There is a well‐established connection among water quality, sanitation, and physical health. The potentially important relationship between water and mental health is considerably less studied. Reviewing evidence from ethnography, geography, folklore, indigenous studies, rural medicine, drought research, and large‐n statistical studies, we argue there is now good theoretical rationale and growing evidence of water insecurity as a possible driver of mental ill‐health. Furthermore, some nascent evidence suggests that emotionally meaningful interactions with water might improve mental health outcomes. Leveraging these literatures, we address the many ways in which mental health outcomes are conceptualized and operationalized in water research, including as emotional distress, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, somatic symptoms, and quality of life. We outline arguments supporting seven possible (and likely interlocking) mechanisms that could explain such a relationship: (a) material deprivation and related uncertainty, (b) shame of social failure, (c) worry about health threats, (d) loss of connections to people and places, (e) frustration around opportunity losses and restricted autonomy, (f) interpersonal conflict and intimate partner violence, and (g) institutional injustice or unfairness. However, we explain that as most existing studies are ethnographic, qualitative, or cross‐sectional, a causal relationship between water and mental ill‐health is yet to be confirmed empirically. More research on this topic is needed, particularly given that poorly understood connections may create barriers to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3 (health) and 6 (water). We further suggest that tracking mental health indicators may provide unique and as‐yet underappreciated insights into the efficacy of water projects and other development interventions. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
机译：摘要在水质，卫生和身体健康之间存在完善的联系。水与心理健康之间的潜在重要关系的研究要小得多。审查人种志，地理，民间文学，土著研究，农村医学，干旱研究和大型统计研究的证据，我们认为现在有良好的理论理由和越来越多的水不安全感证明是心理不良健康的可能驱动力。此外，一些新生的证据表明，情感上有意义的与水的互动可能会改善心理健康结果。利用这些文献，我们解决了在水研究中对心理健康结果进行概念化和操作的多种方式，包括情绪困扰，感知到的压力，抑郁症状，焦虑症状，体细胞症状和生活质量。我们概述了支持七种可能解释这种关系的可能（可能互锁的）机制的论点：（a）物质剥夺和相关的不确定性，（b）社会失败的羞耻感，（c）担心健康威胁，（d）失去联系的丧失对于人和地点，（e）对机会损失和受限制的自治，（f）人际冲突和亲密伴侣暴力的挫败感，以及（g）机构不公正或不公平。但是，我们解释说，由于大多数现有的研究是人种学，定性或横断面，因此水与精神疾病健康之间的因果关系尚未得到经验证实。需要对该主题进行更多的研究，特别是考虑到了解不足的联系可能会为实现可持续发展目标3（健康）和6（水）带来障碍。我们进一步建议，跟踪心理健康指标可能会为水项目和其他开发干预措施的疗效提供独特的和未得到充分的见解。本文分类为：工程水>水，健康和卫生人类水>想象中的水

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