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Measuring the human right to water: An assessment of compliance indicators

机译：衡量人类的水权：合规指标的评估

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According to the United Nations, over a billion people lack access to clean drinking water. As a call to action regarding deficient water availability, the UN has recognized formally the prescriptive norm of a “human right to water” within treaty legislation for over a decade. The right to water requires states to ensure that water is available, accessible, safe, affordable, and acceptable, but little consensus exists regarding the conditions that constitute adequate compliance with this norm. In general, structural, process, and outcome indicators are considered to be the benchmark of right to water compliance, but these terms remain ambiguously defined on the international level, which leaves states without a specific national roadmap for compliance. This analysis attempts to clarify the confusion surrounding right to water indicators by (a) explaining the historical context behind the creation of each distinct type of indicator for water access, (b) reviewing the salient literature on human rights compliance, and (c) reflecting critically on the utility of the existing indicator matrix. Ultimately, the evidence suggests that structural, process, and outcome indicators are necessary, but insufficient on their own to determine whether a state has complied with its human right to water obligations. As an alternative, a move to integrate the existing indicator categories in order to evaluate a state's capacity to provide the human right to water may serve as a more effective tool assessing how able states are to provide a right domestically to which they may have agreed internationally.
机译：根据联合国的说法，有十亿多人无法获得清洁饮用水。作为有关缺水的行动呼吁，联合国已在条约立法中正式认识到“人类水权”的规定规范已有十多年了。水权要求各州确保水可用，可及，安全，负担得起和可接受，但就构成足够符合该规范的条件而言，几乎没有共识。一般而言，结构，过程和结果指标被认为是水合规性权的基准，但是这些条款在国际层面上仍然模棱两可，这使国家没有特定的国家路线图以符合规定。该分析试图通过（a）解释创建每种不同类型的水的指标背后的历史背景来阐明围绕水指标权利的混乱，（b）回顾有关人权合规性的显着文献，以及（c）反映批判性关于现有指标矩阵的效用。最终，证据表明，结构，过程和结果指标是必要的，但不足以确定一个国家是否遵守其人类的水义务。作为替代方案，要整合现有指标类别以评估国家提供人权水权的能力的举动可能是一种更有效的工具，评估国家如何在国内提供国内商定的权利。 。

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