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Clinical cognition and diagnostic error: applications of a dual process model of reasoning

机译：临床认知和诊断错误：推理双重过程模型的应用

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Both systemic and individual factors contribute to missed or delayed diagnoses. Among the multiple factors that impact clinical performance of the individual, the caliber of cognition is perhaps the most relevant and deserves our attention and understanding. In the last few decades, cognitive psychologists have gained substantial insights into the processes that underlie cognition, and a new, universal model of reasoning and decision making has emerged, Dual Process Theory. The theory has immediate application to medical decision making and provides an overall schema for understanding the variety of theoretical approaches that have been taken in the past. The model has important practical applications for decision making across the multiple domains of healthcare, and may be used as a template for teaching decision theory, as well as a platform for future research. Importantly, specific operating characteristics of the model explain how diagnostic failure occurs.
机译：全身因素和个体因素均会导致漏诊或延误诊断。在影响个人临床表现的多种因素中，认知水平也许是最相关的，值得我们关注和理解。在过去的几十年中，认知心理学家已经对构成认知基础的过程获得了深刻的见识，并且出现了一种新的通用的推理和决策模型，即双重过程理论。该理论可立即应用于医疗决策，并为理解过去采用的各种理论方法提供了一个整体方案。该模型在跨多个医疗领域的决策中具有重要的实际应用，并且可以用作教学决策理论的模板以及未来研究的平台。重要的是，模型的特定操作特性说明了诊断故障是如何发生的。

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