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A literature review on observational learning for medical motor skills and anesthesia teaching

机译：观察性学习医学运动技能和麻醉教学的文献综述

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摘要

Motor skill practice is very important to improve performance of medical procedures and could be enhanced by observational practice. Observational learning could be particularly important in the medical field considering that patients' safety prevails over students' training. The mechanism of observational learning is based on the mirror neuron system, originally discovered in the monkey pre-motor cortex. Today we know that humans have a similar system, and its role is to understand and reproduce the observed actions of others. Many studies conclude that humans are able to plan and to make movements based on visual information by mapping a representation of observed actions, especially when the motor system is committed to do it. Moreover most researchers considered observational learning effective for complex skills, such as medical procedures. Additionally, observational learning could play a relevant role during anesthesia training since the learner works in pairs most of the time (dyad practice). Some teaching approaches should be taken into consideration: an implicit engagement of the observer motor system is required, immediate feedback seems to have an important effect, and a combination of observational and physical practice could be better than physical practice alone. In an environment where effectiveness and efficacy are essential, observational learning seems to fit well.
机译：运动技能练习对于提高医疗程序的性能非常重要，可以通过观察练习来提高。考虑到患者的安全胜过学生的培训，观察性学习在医学领域可能尤其重要。观察性学习的机制基于最初在猴子运动前皮层中发现的镜像神经元系统。今天，我们知道人类也有类似的系统，其作用是理解和复制观察到的他人行为。许多研究得出的结论是，人类能够通过映射观察到的动作的表示来基于视觉信息来计划和做出动作，特别是在电机系统致力于执行动作时。此外，大多数研究人员认为观察学习对诸如医疗程序之类的复杂技能有效。另外，观察学习在麻醉训练中可能起着重要的作用，因为学习者大部分时间都是成对工作（二重练习）。应考虑一些教学方法：需要观察者运动系统的隐式参与，即时反馈似乎具有重要作用，观察和物理练习相结合可能比单独的物理练习更好。在有效性和效能至关重要的环境中，观察学习似乎很合适。

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