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The impact of orally administered phages on host immune response and surrounding microbial communities

机译：通过噬菌体对宿主的影响免疫反应和周围的微生物社区

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Numerous studies have shown the efficacy of phage therapy in reducing foodborne pathogen carriage in food animals. Fewer studies have focused on host reactions, especially in terms of phage-mediated acute immune responses and effects on the gut microbiome. Here we administered E. coli O157:H7 phages in low (single dose of 105 PFU) or high (single dose of 107 PFU) quantities to mice. While there were time points at which cytokine levels in different treatment groups differed from one another, all cytokine levels remained within normal ranges for mice regardless of treatment. Similarly, the patterns of these differences were not dose related, indicating that phage treatment did not result in a strong acute immune response as measured here. In separateexperiments, 3-week-old pigs received a diet containing an in-feed antibiotic or daily phage treatment. After two weeks, microbial DNA of ileal, cecal, and fecal contents was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. There were no statistical differencesin performance among the different groups. Compared to control pigs (no antibiotic, no phage), antibiotic treatment significantly altered ileal microbiome composition (P < 0.05), with Bacilli being most affected (antibiotic treated: 22%; control: 76%; FDR = 0.0572). No significant differences were observed in cecal and fecal microbiome composition between antibiotic-treated and control pigs, and there were no differences in gut microbiome composition between phage treated and control pigs in any intestinal compartment. Significant abundance differences were observed at the OTU level, with OTUs belonging to genera such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus being over- or under-represented in either antibiotic or phage treated groups compared to control pigs. Determining whether these changes are deleterious to host, however, requires further study.
机译：许多研究表明噬菌体的功效治疗在减少食源性病原体马车在食物的动物。宿主反应,尤其是phage-mediated急性免疫反应和效果肠道微生物组。O157: H7大肠杆菌噬菌体在105年低(单剂量空斑形成单位)或高(单剂量107微升)的数量老鼠。在不同的治疗组细胞因子水平不同于另一个,所有的细胞因子水平为老鼠仍在正常范围的治疗。差异没有剂量相关,表明噬菌体治疗并没有导致一个强大的急性免疫反应来衡量。separateexperiments,质询猪了包含饲料抗生素或日常饮食噬菌体治疗。回肠、盲肠的和粪便的内容使用16 s rRNA序列的特点。没有统计与绩效在不同的群体中。猪(没有抗生素,没有噬菌体),抗生素治疗显著改变回肠微生物作文(P < 0.05),细菌是最多影响(抗生素治疗:22%;罗斯福= 0.0572)。观察到在盲肠的和粪便微生物组成antibiotic-treated之间和控制猪,没有差异肠道微生物组成之间的噬菌体治疗和控制猪肠道隔间。观察大量差异在OTU级别,属于属辣子鸡乳酸杆菌和链球菌等过度或不足在抗生素或噬菌体治疗组相比,控制猪。确定这些变化是否有害主机,然而,需要进一步的研究。

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