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首页> 外文期刊>The EMBO journal. >Proteolytic ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins in mammals-hardware, concepts, and recent developments
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Proteolytic ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins in mammals-hardware, concepts, and recent developments

机译：膜蛋白水解ectodomain脱落蛋白质mammals-hardware、概念和最近的进展

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摘要

Proteolytic removal of membrane protein ectodomains (ectodomain shedding) is a post-translational modification that controls levels and function of hundreds of membrane proteins. The contributing proteases, referred to as sheddases, act as important molecular switches in processes ranging from signaling to cell adhesion. When deregulated, ectodomain shedding is linked to pathologies such as inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. While proteases of the a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) and beta-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE) families are widely considered as sheddases, in recent years a much broader range of proteases, including intramembrane and soluble proteases, were shown to catalyze similar cleavage reactions. This review demonstrates that shedding is a fundamental process in cell biology and discusses the current understanding of sheddases and their substrates, molecular mechanisms and cellular localizations, as well as physiological functions of protein ectodomain shedding. Moreover, we provide an operational definition of shedding and highlight recent conceptual advances in the field. While new developments in proteomics facilitate substrate discovery, we expect that shedding is not a rare exception, but rather the rule for many membrane proteins, and that many more interesting shedding functions await discovery.
机译：蛋白水解的膜蛋白ectodomains (ectodomain脱落)翻译修饰控制数以百计的水平和功能膜蛋白质。sheddases,作为重要的分子开关从信号到细胞的过程附着力。与疾病如炎症和阿尔茨海默氏症。disintegrin和metalloprotease(亚当)和测试网站应用裂开酶(确定新基点)的家庭被广泛视为sheddases,近年来更广泛的蛋白酶,包括intramembrane和可溶性蛋白酶促进类似的裂解反应。审查表明,脱落基本过程在细胞生物学和讨论sheddases及其当前的理解基板、分子和细胞机制本地化,以及生理功能蛋白质ectodomain脱落。提供了一个操作性定义的脱落突出最近的概念上的进步字段。促进底物的发现,我们期望脱落并不是一个罕见的例外,而是规则对于许多膜蛋白,和那么多更有趣的流函数等发现。

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