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Molecular diversity and tools for deciphering the methanogen community structure and diversity in freshwater sediments

机译：分子多样性和解密淡水沉积物中产甲烷菌群落结构和多样性的工具

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摘要

Methanogenic archaeal communities existing in freshwater sediments are responsible for approximately 50 % of the total global emission of methane. This process contributes significantly to global warming and, hence, necessitates interventional control measures to limit its emission. Unfortunately, the diversity and functional interactions of methanogenic populations occurring in these habitats are yet to be fully characterized. Considering several disadvantages of conventional culture-based methodologies, in recent years, impetus is given to molecular biology approaches to determine the community structure of freshwater sedimentary methanogenic archaea. 16S rRNA and methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene-based cloning techniques are the first choice for this purpose. In addition, electrophoresisbased (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques have also found extensive applications. These techniques are highly sensitive, rapid, and reliable as compared to traditional culture-dependent approaches. Molecular diversity studies revealed the dominance of the orders Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales of methanogens in freshwater sediments. The present review discusses in detail the status of the diversity of methanogens and the molecular approaches applied in this area of research.
机译：淡水沉积物中存在的产甲烷古细菌群落约占全球甲烷总排放量的50％。这个过程极大地促进了全球变暖，因此需要采取干预性控制措施来限制其排放。不幸的是，这些生境中产甲烷菌种群的多样性和功能相互作用尚未得到充分表征。考虑到传统的基于文化的方法的几个缺点，近年来，推动了分子生物学方法来确定淡水沉积产甲烷古生菌的群落结构。基于16S rRNA和甲基辅酶M还原酶（mcrA）基因的克隆技术是实现此目的的首选。此外，基于电泳的方法（变性梯度凝胶电泳，温度梯度凝胶电泳和末端限制性片段长度多态性）和定量实时聚合酶链反应技术也得到了广泛的应用。与传统的依赖于文化的方法相比，这些技术高度敏感，快速且可靠。分子多样性研究揭示了淡水沉积物中产甲烷菌的甲烷微细菌和甲烷菌藻的优势。本综述详细讨论了产甲烷菌的多样性现状以及在该研究领域中应用的分子方法。

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