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Irrigation expansion and dynamics of desertification in the Circum-Aral region of Central Asia

机译：中亚环咸地区的灌溉扩展与荒漠化动态。

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摘要

The aim of this paper is to examine the causes and dynamics of desertification in one of the world's worst disaster areas, the Aral Sea region. During the 1960s, a large-scale irrigation campaign aimed at achieving independence in cotton production was launched in Soviet Central Asia. From 1960, ever-increasing water withdrawal from the two inflowing rivers--the Amudarya and Syrdarya--has resulted in the dramatic decline of the level, area and volume of the sea. Desiccation was accompanied by the development and further acceleration of various desertification processes. The study reveals that, for different reasons, the predominant direction and trends of desertification have been changing during each of the four identified periods from 1961 to 1995. The main desertification processes recorded in the Circum-Aral region ('Priaraliye' in Russian) were a decline in the groundwater level, increased mineralization and chemical pollution of watercourses, soil salinization, the spread of xerophytic and halophytic vegetation, and deflation and aeolian accumulation, with the development of salt storms. Recent improvements in the situation are also discussed, along with their causes. Zonation of Priaraliye is carried out and an outlook for the future is given.
机译：本文的目的是研究世界上最严重的灾难地区之一咸海地区的沙漠化成因和动态。在1960年代，苏维埃中亚发起了一场旨在实现棉花生产独立性的大规模灌溉运动。从1960年开始，从两条流入的河流（阿蒙达拉河和Syrdarya）不断增加的取水量导致海平面，面积和体积的急剧下降。干旱伴随着各种荒漠化进程的发展和进一步加速。该研究表明，由于不同的原因，从1961年至1995年的四个确定时期中的每个时期，荒漠化的主要方向和趋势都发生了变化。环-咸海地区（俄语为“ Priaraliye”）记录的主要荒漠化过程是随着盐暴的发展，地下水位下降，河道矿化和化学污染增加，土壤盐渍化，旱生植物和盐生植物的扩散以及通气和风积聚。还讨论了这种情况的最新进展及其原因。对Priaraliye进行了分区，并对未来进行了展望。

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