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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Engineering in Agriculture >DEVELOPMENT AND FEASIBILITY OF INNOVATIVE RELAY SEEDERS FOR SEEDING WHEAT INTO STANDING COTTON USING A HIGH CLEARANCE TRACTOR IN COTTON-WHEAT SYSTEM
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DEVELOPMENT AND FEASIBILITY OF INNOVATIVE RELAY SEEDERS FOR SEEDING WHEAT INTO STANDING COTTON USING A HIGH CLEARANCE TRACTOR IN COTTON-WHEAT SYSTEM

机译：棉小麦系统中使用高清除力拖拉机将小麦播种为硬棉的新型中继种子的开发和可行性

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摘要

Wheat planting after cotton is usually delayed due to late cotton picking and time necessary for seedbed preparation, resulting in low wheat yield. Few farmers sow wheat through broadcasting in standing cotton for timely sowing except on a small scale. This methodology also has limitations of poor germination and low fertilizer use efficiency. To study feasibility of relay seeding of wheat in cotton, two prototypes of innovative relay seeders (RSs) (suitable for 67.5 and 101 cm row spacing) with three types of furrow openers: strip till rotor (STR), zero till inverted T-type (ZTT), and zero till double disc (ZTDD) were developed and evaluated for their performance under two cotton genotypes. The average forward speed of travel of ZTDD openers was 9.3% and 16.6% more compared with STR and ZTT openers, respectively. STR openers consumed more fuel (12.36 L ha(-1)) than ZTT (8.57 L ha(-1)) and ZTDD openers (9.15 L ha(-1)). The field capacity for 12- and 15-row RS was 0.22 and 0.25 ha h(-1), respectively. The average power consumption for operating the three types of furrow openers was 6.4 and 8.4 hp for 12- and 15-row RS, respectively. Number of cotton bolls detached from plants due to operation of tractor-mounted RS was significantly lower in 101 cm cotton row spacing compared with 67.5 cm row spacing. Overall loss of cotton bolls due to the movement of tractor and RSs was under 2%. The average number of bolls detached from the plant was about 29% less for ZTDD furrow openers compared with STR and ZTT openers. Germination count of relay seeded wheat with STR and ZTDD furrow openers was 23% and 26% more compared with ZTT openers, respectively. The breakeven point for RS was achieved when total area sown annually exceeded 5 ha and wheat yield gain over the conventional practice is 0.5 t ha(-1). This study demonstrates that seeding of wheat in standing cotton is feasible with 4-wheel high clearance tractor-driven innovative RS with cotton damage under 2%.
机译：棉花采摘后的小麦播种通常会因棉花采摘晚和准备苗床所需的时间而延迟，从而导致小麦单产低下。除小规模种植外，很少有农民通过播种常规棉花播种来及时播种。该方法还具有发芽差和肥料使用效率低的局限性。为了研究小麦在棉花中进行中播的可行性，采用了两个创新型中播机（RS）（适用于67.5和101 cm行距）的两个原型，该原型具有以下三种开沟器：条状转轮（STR），零至倒转T型（ZTT）和零至双盘（ZTDD）的开发并评估了它们在两种棉花基因型下的性能。与STR和ZTT开瓶器相比，ZTDD开瓶器的平均前进速度分别提高了9.3％和16.6％。 STR开瓶器比ZTT（8.57 L ha（-1））和ZTDD开瓶器（9.15 L ha（-1））消耗更多的燃料（12.36 L ha（-1））。 12行和15行RS的场容量分别为0.22和0.25 ha h（-1）。对于12行和15行RS，操作这三种类型的犁沟开启器的平均功耗分别为6.4和8.4 hp。 101厘米棉花行距与67.5厘米行距相比，因安装在拖拉机上的RS作业而从植物上脱落的棉铃数量明显减少。由于拖拉机和RS的运动，棉铃的总体损失低于2％。与STR和ZTT开沟器相比，ZTDD犁沟开沟器从植物上摘下的棉铃平均数减少了约29％。带有STR和ZTDD犁沟打开器的轮作播种小麦的发芽计数分别比ZTT开沟器增加23％和26％。当每年播种的总面积超过5公顷，而小麦的单产比常规做法增加了0.5吨公顷（-1）时，就达到了收支平衡点。这项研究表明，用4轮高间隙拖拉机驱动的创新型RS播种棉花，使棉花受损率低于2％，是可行的。

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