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Doing 'organizational work': Expanding the conception of professional practice in ergonomics

机译：做“组织工作”：扩展人体工程学专业实践的概念

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摘要

Literature on ergonomic practice contains many discussions of how ergonomists should work but far less attention has been paid to how they do work and the factors that influence their practice. In an effort to improve our understanding of ergonomic practice as it occurs and how it is conditioned by broader contexts, we conducted an interview study with 21 ergonomists in Canada. We were particularly interested to understand the different kinds of activities study participants engaged in during the course of their work, the challenges they faced and the strategies they employed for facing these challenges. Findings indicate that in the course of their professional practice ergonomists engage in a variety of types of activities. This includes consulting on risk factors as well as a proactive role of fostering the application of ergonomics in organizations. The process of advocating for ergonomics brought study participants into a variety of interactions and collaborations with workplace parties in a type of activity we have called "organizational work". In the course of doing organizational work, ergonomists utilize different strategies, including "political manoeuvring", tailoring data collection and report presentations to clients' concerns and 'goal hooking' in order to make the case for implementing ergonomics in workplaces. The article concludes with a list of "tips" for practicing ergonomists that are suggested by the analysis.
机译：关于人体工学实践的文献包含许多关于人体工学专家应如何工作的讨论，但很少有人关注他们的工作方式以及影响其实践的因素。为了增进我们对人体工学实践的理解以及如何在更广泛的环境中适应人类学实践，我们在加拿大对21位人体工程学家进行了访谈研究。我们特别想了解参与者在工作过程中所从事的各种活动，他们所面临的挑战以及为应对这些挑战所采用的策略。结果表明，人机工程学专家在其专业实践过程中从事各种类型的活动。这包括就风险因素进行咨询，以及在组织中促进人机工程学应用的积极作用。倡导人机工程学的过程使研究参与者与工作场所方进行了各种互动和协作，这是我们称为“组织工作”的一种活动。在进行组织工作的过程中，人机工程学专家采用了不同的策略，包括“政治操纵”，定制数据收集和针对客户关注的问题和“目标挂钩”的报告演示，以便在工作场所实施人机工程学。本文以分析建议的实践人机工程师“技巧”列表作为结尾。

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