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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Engineering in Agriculture >Milk house wastewater flows and characteristics for small dairy operations.
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Milk house wastewater flows and characteristics for small dairy operations.

机译：小型奶牛场的奶场废水流量和特性。

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Water meters were used to indicate milk house wastewater flow rates in the milk houses of 16 dairy operations with between 41 and 130 milking cows. Wastewater samples (7 to 21) were taken from the first septic tank providing primary treatment of the milk house water to measure pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), fats, oils and grease (FOG), total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. Average water flow rates across the 14 dairy operations without parlors ranged from 8.6 to 35.3 L/d/cow. Milk house water use per cow per day on individual farms varied by between 146% and 400%. Overall average BOD5 concentration across all sixteen operations was 1.44 g/L while individual farm averages ranged from 0.50 to 4.52 g/L. Overall average COD concentration was 2.26 g/L; farm averages ranged from 0.72 to 6.28 g/L. Overall average TSS concentration across all operations was 686 mg/L, farm averages ranged from 181 to 1,537 mg/L. Average FOG concentration was 477 mg/L, farm averages ranged from 45 to 1,334 mg/L. Median average pH level was 6.8, farm levels ranged from 5.9 to 8.0. Average phosphorus concentration across all operations was 56 mg/L, farm averages ranged from 18 to 101 mg/L. Average TKN concentration was 81 mg/L, farm averages ranged from 33 to 179 mg/L. Average ammonia concentration was 34 mg/L, farm averages ranged from 12 to 98 mg/L. Based on these results the authors recommend using 19 L/d/cow for the design milk house wastewater flow rate for milk houses for dairy operations with 130 or fewer cows. For sizing aerobic treatment units and infiltration systems, the authors recommend using 1.5 g/L for the design effluent BOD5 concentration for a milk house only. For designing irrigation land application systems based on annual TKN and P per cow for milk house only sites, the authors recommend using 0.6 and 0.35 kg/cow/yr, respectively.
机译：水表用于指示16家奶牛场中41至130头挤奶牛的奶场废水流量。从第一个化粪池中采集废水样本（7至21个），对化粪池的水进行初步处理，以测量pH值，生化需氧量（BOD 5 ），化学需氧量（COD），总悬浮液固体（TSS），油脂，油脂（FOG），总磷，凯氏氮（TKN）和氨氮浓度。在没有生产车间的情况下，这14个乳品厂的平均水流量为8.6至35.3 L / d /牛。在个别农场，每头牛每天的奶场用水量在146％至400％之间变化。在全部十六次操作中，BOD 5 的总平均浓度为1.44 g / L，而单个农场的平均浓度为0.50至4.52 g / L。总平均COD浓度为2.26 g / L;农场平均水平为0.72至6.28 g / L。所有作业中的总TSS浓度平均值为686 mg / L，农场平均值为181至1,537 mg / L。 FOG的平均浓度为477 mg / L，农场平均浓度为45至1,334 mg / L。中位平均pH水平为6.8，农场水平范围为5.9至8.0。所有作业的平均磷浓度为56 mg / L，农场平均水平为18至101 mg / L。 TKN的平均浓度为81 mg / L，农场平均浓度为33至179 mg / L。平均氨浓度为34 mg / L，农场平均浓度为12至98 mg / L。基于这些结果，作者建议使用19 L / d /牛来设计奶牛场（用于130头或更少的奶牛场）的设计奶场废水流量。为了确定好氧处理单元和渗透系统的大小，作者建议仅将1.5 g / L的设计废水BOD 5 浓度用于牛奶屋。对于仅针对奶牛场的每头牛的年TKN和P来设计灌溉土地施用系统，作者建议分别使用0.6和0.35 kg /牛/年。

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