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Comparing perceptual judgment and subjective measures of spatial awareness

机译：比较空间感知的知觉判断和主观测量

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摘要

Spatial awareness is important in domains where safety hinges on human operators keeping track of the relative locations of objects in the environment. While a variety of subjective and judgment-based measures have been used to evaluate spatial awareness, none have probed all three of its levels: (1) identification of environmental objects, (2) their current locations relative to the operator, and (3) their relative positions over time. This work compares new judgment-based measures of spatial awareness that probe all three levels of spatial awareness to conventional subjective measures. In the evaluation of 14 configurations of Synthetic Vision Systems head down displays (seven terrain textures and two Geometric Fields of View (GFOVs)), 18 pilots made four types of judgments (relative angle, distance, height, and abeam time) regarding the location of terrain points displayed in 112 5-s, non-interactive simulations. They also provided subjective demand, awareness, clutter, SA-SWORD, and preferred GFOV measures. Correlation analyses revealed that displays that received higher awareness and SA-SWORD subjective ratings were associated with smaller errors in abeam time judgments and, for SA-SWORD, smaller errors in relative distance judgments. Thus SA-SWORD provides insight into level 2 spatial awareness and both SA-SWORD and awareness provide insight into level 3 spatial awareness. ANOVA and x{sup}2 analyses revealed comparable results between display configurations that produced the minimum error in judgments and those recommended by the awareness, SA-SWORD, and preferred GFOV measures.
机译：在安全性取决于人类操作员，跟踪环境中物体的相对位置的领域中，空间意识非常重要。尽管已使用各种基于主观和判断的措施来评估空间意识，但没有一个方法探究了其所有三个层次：（1）识别环境物体，（2）它们相对于操作员的当前位置，以及（3）随着时间的推移它们的相对位置。这项工作比较了新的基于判断的空间意识测度，该测度将空间意识的所有三个级别与常规主观测度进行了比较。在评估14种合成视觉系统头部向下显示的配置（七个地形纹理和两个几何视场（GFOV））时，18位飞行员对位置进行了四种类型的判断（相对角度，距离，高度和横梁时间） 112个5秒非交互式仿真中显示的地形点数。他们还提供了主观需求，意识，混乱，SA-SWORD和首选GFOV措施。相关分析表明，获得较高认知度和SA-SWORD主观评分的显示器与光束时间判断中的较小误差相关，而对于SA-SWORD，相对距离判断中的较小误差相关。因此，SA-SWORD提供对第2级空间意识的洞察力，而SA-SWORD和感知均对第3级空间意识的洞察力。方差分析和x {sup} 2分析显示了显示配置之间的可比结果，这些显示配置产生了最小的判断错误，与意识，SA-SWORD和首选GFOV措施所推荐的显示配置相当。

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