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On the hazard of quiet vehicles to pedestrians and drivers

机译：关于安静的车辆对行人和驾驶员的危害

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摘要

The need to produce more efficient and less polluting vehicles has encouraged mass production of alternative energy vehicles, such as hybrid and electric cars. Many of these vehicles are capable of very quiet operation. While reducing noise pollution is desirable, quieter vehicles could negatively affect pedestrian safety because of reduced sound cues compared to louder internal combustion engines. Three studies were performed to investigate people's concern about this issue. In Study 1, a questionnaire completed by 378 people showed substantial positive interest in quiet hybrid and electric cars. However, they also indicated concern about the reduced auditory cues of quiet vehicles. In Study 2, 316 participants rated 14 sounds that could be potentially added to quiet alternative-energy vehicles. The data showed that participants did not want annoying sounds, but preferred adding "engine" and "hum" sounds relative to other types of sounds. In Study 3, 24 persons heard and rated 18 actual sounds within 6 categories that were added to a video of a hybrid vehicle driving by. The sounds most preferred were "engine" followed by "white noise" and "hum". Implications for adding sounds to facilitate pedestrians' detection of moving vehicles and for aiding drivers' awareness of speed are discussed.
机译：生产更高效，污染更少的车辆的需求鼓励了替代能源汽车的大规模生产，例如混合动力汽车和电动汽车。这些车辆中有许多能够非常安静地运行。尽管降低噪音污染是可取的，但与较大声的内燃机相比，较安静的车辆可能会降低声音提示，从而对行人安全产生不利影响。进行了三项研究以调查人们对此问题的关注。在研究1中，由378人完成的调查问卷显示出对静音混合动力和电动汽车的浓厚兴趣。但是，他们也对安静的车辆的听觉提示减少表示关注。在研究2中，有316名参与者对14种声音进行了评级，这些声音有可能被添加到安静的替代能源汽车中。数据显示，参与者不希望烦人的声音，而是相对于其他类型的声音，更喜欢添加“引擎”和“嗡嗡”声。在研究3中，有24人听到并评价了6类中的18种实际声音，这些声音被添加到驾驶混合动力汽车的视频中。最喜欢的声音是“引擎”，接着是“白噪声”和“嗡嗡声”。讨论了添加声音以方便行人检测行驶中的车辆以及帮助驾驶员提高速度意识的含义。

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