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首页> 外文期刊>Aquaculture International >Rock crab predation of juvenile sea scallops: the functional response and its implications for bottom culture.
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Rock crab predation of juvenile sea scallops: the functional response and its implications for bottom culture.

机译：少年海扇贝的石蟹捕食：功能响应及其对底层养殖的影响。

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The functional response describes how consumption rate of individual predators changes as prey density changes, and can have important implications for the bottom culture of scallops. We examined (i) the functional response of rock crabs (Cancer irroratus) preying on juvenile sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus); (ii) the effect of substrate type and scallop size on the functional response; and (iii) the underlying behavioural mechanisms of observed functional responses. Specifically, we quantified predation rate and behaviours, such as the proportion of time spent searching for prey, encounter rate between predators and prey and the outcomes of encounters, when individual rock crabs were offered a range of scallop density (2-50 or 11-111 scallops m-2) and two size classes of scallops (~25 and ~35 mm shell height) on two different substrate types ("glass-bottom" and "granule"). We found that crab predation rate on small juvenile scallops increased at a decelerating rate with prey density to a plateau at high prey density on both substrates, indicating a hyperbolic (type II) functional response. Crab predation rate on large juvenile scallops was independent of prey density (i.e., no functional response evident), suggesting that crabs were at their satiation level. Prey density did not influence any behaviour except encounter rate on small juvenile scallops, which increased as prey density increased. Substrate type influenced crab predation: maximum predation rate of crabs on small juvenile scallops and encounter rate with either size of juvenile scallops was lower on granule than on glass-bottom. Our results in the laboratory suggest that crabs could potentially be swamped if scallops are seeded at a high density in the field. However, many factors in the field may influence the functional response. For example, the presence of multiple prey types may lead to sigmoid functional responses, while the presence of many crab individuals may lead to aggregation of crabs in areas of high prey density..
机译：功能反应描述了个体捕食者的消费率如何随猎物密度的变化而变化，并且可能对扇贝的底层养殖产生重要影响。我们研究了（i）捕食幼年海扇贝（Placopecten magellanicus）的石蟹（Cancer irroratus）的功能反应; （ii）底物类型和扇贝大小对功能反应的影响; （iii）观察到的功能反应的潜在行为机制。具体来说，当单个石蟹被提供了扇贝密度范围（2-50或11-）时，我们量化了捕食率和行为，例如搜索猎物所花费的时间比例，捕食者与猎物之间的相遇率以及相遇的结果。 111个扇贝m-2）和两种尺寸类别的扇贝（壳高度约25和约35 mm）在两种不同的基材类型（“玻璃底”和“颗粒”）上。我们发现，在两个底物上，螃蟹在小型幼扇贝上的捕食率均以减速速率随猎物密度的增加而增加到高原，表明双曲线（II型）功能反应。大型幼贝上的螃蟹捕食率与猎物密度无关（即没有明显的功能反应），表明螃蟹处于饱足程度。猎物密度没有影响任何行为，除了小型扇贝的遭遇率随着捕食者密度的增加而增加。基质类型影响螃蟹的捕食：在小型幼扇贝上的最大捕食率以及在两种大小的幼扇贝上蟹的捕食率均低于玻璃底。我们在实验室中的结果表明，如果在田间以高密度播种扇贝，螃蟹可能会被淹没。但是，该领域中的许多因素都可能影响功能响应。例如，多种猎物类型的存在可能导致乙状结肠功能反应，而许多螃蟹个体的存在可能导致高猎物密度地区的螃蟹聚集。

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