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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cellular Physiology >DNA mismatch repair and mutation avoidance pathways.
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DNA mismatch repair and mutation avoidance pathways.

机译：避免DNA错配修复基因突变通路。

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Unpaired and mispaired bases in DNA can arise by replication errors, spontaneous or induced base modifications, and during recombination. The major pathway for correction of mismatches arising during replication is the MutHLS pathway of Escherichia coli and related pathways in other organisms. MutS initiates repair by binding to the mismatch, and activates together with MutL the MutH endonuclease, which incises at hemimethylated dam sites and thereby mediates strand discrimination. Multiple MutS and MutL homologues exist in eukaryotes, which play different roles in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway or in recombination. No MutH homologues have been identified in eukaryotes, suggesting that strand discrimination is different to E. coli. Repair can be initiated by the heterodimers MSH2-MSH6 (MutSalpha) and MSH2-MSH3 (MutSbeta). Interestingly, MSH3 (and thus MutSbeta) is missing in some genomes, as for example in Drosophila, or is present as in Schizosaccharomyces pombe but appears to play no role in MMR. MLH1-PMS1 (MutLalpha) is the major MutL homologous heterodimer. Again some, but not all, eukaryotes have additional MutL homologues, which all form a heterodimer with MLH1 and which play a minor role in MMR. Additional factors with a possible function in eukaryotic MMR are PCNA, EXO1, and the DNA polymerases delta and epsilon. MMR-independent pathways or factors that can process some types of mismatches in DNA are nucleotide-excision repair (NER), some base excision repair (BER) glycosylases, and the flap endonuclease FEN-1. A pathway has been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human that corrects loops with about 16 to several hundreds of unpaired nucleotides. Such large loops cannot be processed by MMR.
机译：未配对和mispaired基地在DNA可能出现复制错误,自发或诱发基地修改,在重组。修正不匹配的主要途径在复制MutHLS通路产生大肠杆菌和其他相关途径生物。不匹配,激活MutL一起MutH酶,切割hemimethylated大坝网站,从而介导链的歧视。同系物存在于真核生物,玩不同角色的错配修复(MMR)途径或重组。已确定在真核生物中,暗示链歧视不同E。杆菌。MSH2-MSH6 (MutSalpha)和MSH2-MSH3 (MutSbeta)。有趣的是,MSH3(因此MutSbeta)失踪在某些基因,例如果蝇,或存在粟酒裂殖酵母,但似乎没有玩在MMR的角色。MutL同源异质二聚体。真核生物,有其他MutL同系物,所有形式的异质二聚体与一种吗在MMR扮演一个次要角色。一个可能的函数在真核MMR PCNA,EXO1, DNA聚合酶三角洲和ε。MMR-independent通路或因素处理某些类型的不匹配的DNA核苷酸切除修复(NER),一些基地切除修复(BER)糖基化酶和皮瓣核酸内切酶FEN-1。在酿酒酵母和人类纠正循环约16至数百未配对的核苷酸。处理MMR。

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