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Effect of sowing methods and seed rates on wheat yield and water productivity

机译：播种方法和种子率对小麦的影响产量和水分生产力

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摘要

Wheat yield and water productivity can be improved by sowing on beds with balanced seed rate. the present study was conducted during rabi seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 at the experimental area of Water Management Research Centre, PARS, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, to investigate three seed rates (100, 130, and 160 kg/ha) and three sowing methods (broadcasting, drill sowing, bed planting) for better yield and water productivity of wheat. It was concluded that wheat sowing under bed planting showed better results with highest plant height (92.358 cm), numbers of tillers (294.17), numbers of grains per spike (42.5), 1000 grain weight (35.338 g), grain yield (3941.8 kg/ha) and water productivity (2.3028 kg/m(3)), while these parameters were observed as the lowest under broadcasting among all treatments. Moreover, wheat on beds produced 13% more yield and saved 35% water in comparison to that under broadcasting. The results regarding seed rate revealed that the highest grain yield (4,117.1 kg/ha), water productivity (1.8361 kg/m(3)) and numbers of tillers (297.94), but lowest numbers of grains per spike (38.833) and 1000 grain weight (34.256 g) were obtained with seed rate of 160 kg/ha. Seed rate of 100 kg/ha produced highest numbers of grains per spike (42.167) and 1000 grain weight (35.336 g) but lowest numbers of tillers (264.17), grain yield (3,360.1 kg/ha) and water productivity (1.5272 kg/m(3)). The economic analysis also revealed the benefits of bed planting over the other treatments with highest benefit cost ratio as 2.74 with 160 kg/ha seed rate. It is, therefore, recommended that wheat should be sown with seed rate of 160 kg/ha under bed planting for economically better yield and water productivity in the semi-arid area of Faisalabad, Pakistan.
机译：可以提高小麦产量和水分生产力通过与平衡的种子播种在床上。本研究是在拉比季节进行的2012 - 2013和2013 - 2014年的实验区域水资源管理研究中心、帕尔斯fsisalabad农业大学调查三个种子率(100、130和160公斤/公顷)和三种播种方法(广播、播种机播种,床上种植)产量和更好小麦水分生产力。小麦播种在床上种植了更好的结果与株高最高(92.358厘米),分蘖数(294.17),数字的穗粒(42.5),1000粒重(35.338克),粮食产量(3941.8公斤/公顷)和水生产力(2.3028公斤/米(3)),而这些参数观察下最低广播在所有治疗。小麦在床上多生产13%的产量和保存水相比,在35%广播。透露,籽粒产量最高(4117。1公斤/公顷),水分生产力(1.8361公斤/米(3))分蘖数(297.94),但最低数字穗粒(38.833)和1000年的粮食体重(34.256 g)获得了种子的速度160公斤/公顷。最高的数量每穗(42.167)和谷物1000粒重最低(35.336克),但数字的分蘖(264.17),籽粒产量(3360。1公斤/公顷)和水的生产力(1.5272公斤/米(3))。经济分析还揭示了的好处床上种植在其他的治疗方法最高的效益成本比率为2.74和160公斤/公顷种子率。应该播种小麦种子160公斤/公顷在床上种植经济更好的收益和水生产力的半干旱地区费萨尔巴德,巴基斯坦。

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