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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Soil Ecology >Distribution of soil nutrients, extracellular enzyme activities and microbial communities across particle-size fractions in a long-term fertilizer experiment
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Distribution of soil nutrients, extracellular enzyme activities and microbial communities across particle-size fractions in a long-term fertilizer experiment

机译：长期肥料实验中不同粒度部分的土壤养分，细胞外酶活性和微生物群落的分布

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摘要

Soils were particle-size fractionated to evaluate changes in carbon and nitrogen contents, enzyme activities and microbial community composition in response to 33 years of fertilization. This study focused on yellow-brown paddy soil and the particle-size fractions of >2000, 2000-200, 200-63, 63-2 and 2-0.1 mu m. Microplate fluorometric assays and phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) were used to determine soil biological characteristics under no fertilizer (control, CK), fertilizer N (N), fertilizer N and P (NP), fertilizer N, P and K (NPK), organic manure plus fertilizer N, P and K (NPKM) and organic manure (M) treatments. The results showed that fertilizer and soil fraction individually and interactively (P 0.05) affected soil C, N contents, enzyme activities and microbial communities except for alpha-glucosidase activity, bacterial relative abundance and the G+: G-ratio. Particularly, organic treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) contents of all five fractions. The highest C and N contents and enzyme activities were observed in the 200-63 mu m fraction, except for phosphatase and sulfatase, which showed the highest activities in the 2-0.1 mu m fraction. The highest activities of beta-glucosidase, beta-cellobiosidase, alpha-glucosidase, aminopeptidase, phenol oxidase and peroxidase in each fraction were obtained in the organic treatments (NPKM and M). Activities of phosphatase, sulfatase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and beta-xylosidase in the 2000-200 mu m fraction were highest under NPK treatment. PLFA analysis showed that the > 63 mu m fraction contained higher abundance of total PLFAs than that in the 63-0.1 mu m fraction. Organic treatments significantly enhanced total PLFAs abundance in > 2000 mu m fraction, but decreased PLFAs abundance in the 2000-200 mu m fraction compared with the NPK treatment. Larger fractions (> 2000 mu m and 2000-200 mu m) held relatively lower G+: G-ratios and higher fungi: bacteria ratios, which indicated better soil conditions in these fractions. Principal component analysis showed a smaller variability of microbial community composition among treatments than particle-size fractions. Most treatments of larger fractions (> 2000 mu m and 2000-2 mu m) were well separated from the other fractions. Redundancy analysis showed total N, C: N ratio, phosphatase, sulfatase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and beta-cellobiosidase activities significantly affected the composition of the microbial community. Significant correlations were also obtained between enzyme activities with SOC, total N and C: N ratio. We concluded that the long-term application of organic fertilizers contributed to improvements in the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and most of the enzyme activities, especially for the 200-63 mu m fraction, along with abundant and diverse microbial community composition in larger particles. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：对土壤进行粒度分级，以评估33年施肥后碳和氮含量，酶活性和微生物群落组成的变化。这项研究的重点是黄棕色稻田土壤，其粒径分级> 2000、2000-200、200-63、63-2和2-0.1微米。使用微孔板荧光测定法和磷脂脂肪酸分析（PLFA）来测定无肥料（对照，对照），氮（N），氮和磷（NP），氮，磷和钾（NPK）下的土壤生物学特性，有机肥加上肥料N，P和K（NPKM）和有机肥（M）处理。结果表明，除α-葡萄糖苷酶活性，细菌相对丰度和G +：G-比外，肥料和土壤组分分别和相互作用（P <0.05）影响土壤的碳，氮含量，酶活性和微生物群落。特别是，有机处理显着增加了所有五个部分的土壤有机碳（SOC）和总氮（N）含量。在200-63μm馏分中观察到最高的C和N含量以及酶活性，但磷酸酶和硫酸酯酶除外，在2-0.1μm馏分中显示最高的活性。在有机处理（NPKM和M）中，每个部分中的β-葡萄糖苷酶，β-纤维二糖苷酶，α-葡萄糖苷酶，氨基肽酶，酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性最高。在NPK处理下，在2000-200μm级分中磷酸酶，硫酸酯酶，N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和β-木糖苷酶的活性最高。 PLFA分析显示，大于63微米的馏分包含的总PLFA含量比63-0.1微米的馏分更高。与NPK处理相比，有机处理显着提高了> 2000μm分数的总PLFA丰度，但降低了2000-200μm分数的PLFA的丰度。较大的部分（> 2000μm和2000-200μm）具有相对较低的G +：G-比率和较高的真菌：细菌比率，这表明这些部分的土壤条件更好。主成分分析显示，处理过程中微生物群落组成的变异性小于粒度级分。大多数较大馏分（> 2000μm和2000-2μm）的处理方法与其他馏分已很好地分开。冗余分析显示总的N，C：N比值​​，磷酸酶，硫酸酯酶，N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和β-纤维二糖苷酶的活性显着影响了微生物群落的组成。酶活性与SOC，总氮和碳氮比之间也具有显着的相关性。我们得出的结论是，长期施用有机肥料有助于改善土壤中的有机碳和总氮以及大多数酶的活性，特别是对于200-63μm的部分，以及大颗粒中丰富多样的微生物群落组成。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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