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首页> 外文期刊>Arboricultural Journal: The International Journal of Urban Forestry >THE ENGLISH BEECH MASTING SURVEY 1980-2007: VARIATION IN THE FRUITING OF THE COMMON BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.) AND ITS EFFECTS ON WOODLAND ECOSYSTEMS
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THE ENGLISH BEECH MASTING SURVEY 1980-2007: VARIATION IN THE FRUITING OF THE COMMON BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.) AND ITS EFFECTS ON WOODLAND ECOSYSTEMS

机译：1980-2007年英国山毛榉种群调查：普通山毛榉（FAGUS SYLVATICA L.）果树的变化及其对林地生态系统的影响

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1. Study of annual production of beech mast at twelve main sites including closed canopy beechwood, shelter belts, avenues and an isolated tree in a park, as well as intermittent observations at others, has now continued for twenty-eight years.2. During this period beech mast was sampled from up to 100 trees by seven-minute samples collected from the ground. Aerial samples have also been collected from low-growing branches.3. Production of full seed varies greatly from year to year, and all trees produce empty pericarps as well as full mast, especially on lower or shaded branches.4. The proportion of full nuts consumed or damaged by the moth Cydia fagiglandana Z., birds and small mammals, in English sites, can become significant especially in non-mast years.5. Good masting occurred in 1980, 1982, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006: after each of these good years, one year of very poor masting normally followed. The best year recorded so far was 1990. In both 1981 and 2005, no full mast was found, and singularly very little in 1991 and 2001.6. Regional variation within England is much less than the annual variation, but over the period the northern trees have produced on average fewer full nuts but rather more empty and total nuts. In 2007, however, northern trees produced markedly less full and total nuts than their southern counterparts.7. Over such a long period it was inevitable that site changes would occur. In some instances the substrate beneath particular trees is now less favourable for rapid nut collection. As some trees have died, additional younger trees are now being assessed. In 1996, far more viable seed was formed in certain Scottish sites than at those we observed in England, so it is highly desirable that Scottish and Welsh sites be monitored in the future.
机译：1.研究在十二个主要地点的山毛榉桅杆的年产量，包括封闭的冠层山毛榉木，防护带，大道和公园中的一棵孤树，以及在其他地方的间歇性观测，已经持续了28年。在此期间，从地面上收集了7分钟的样本，从多达100棵树中取样了榉木桅杆。还从低生长的树枝上收集了航空样品。3。年满种子的产量差异很大，所有树木都产生空果皮和完整的桅杆，尤其是在较低或阴影的树枝上。4。在英语地区，蛾类Cydia fagiglandana Z.，鸟类和小型哺乳动物消耗或破坏的完整坚果的比例会变得很重要，尤其是在非过去的几年中。5。在1980、1982、1984、1987、1990、1995、1997、2000、2002、2004和2006年出现良好的桅杆：在这些好年份的每一年之后，通常会出现非常差的桅杆一年。迄今为止记录的最好年份是1990年。在1981年和2005年，都没有发现完整的桅杆，而在1991年和2001.6年则很少。英格兰的区域差异远小于年度差异，但在此期间，北部树木平均产生的完整坚果减少，但空坚果和总坚果却更多。但是，在2007年，北部树木的坚果饱满度和总坚果产量明显低于南部树木7。在这么长时间内，不可避免会发生站点更改。在某些情况下，特定树木下面的基质现在不利于快速收集坚果。随着一些树木的死亡，现在正在评估其他较年轻的树木。 1996年，某些苏格兰地区形成的种子比我们在英格兰观察到的要多得多，因此非常需要将来对苏格兰和威尔士地区进行监测。

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