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首页> 外文期刊>Arabian journal of geosciences >Projected impacts of land use and road network changes on increasing flood hazards using a 4D GIS: A case study in Makkah metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia
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Projected impacts of land use and road network changes on increasing flood hazards using a 4D GIS: A case study in Makkah metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia

机译：使用4D GIS的土地利用和道路网络变化对洪灾危害的预计影响：以沙特阿拉伯麦加市区为例

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摘要

Makkah City, west of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is considered the third main highly populated metropolitan area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It exhibits two unique features that increase the hazardous flood consequences: (1) its topography is very complex and (2) about three million Muslims are gathered annually in Makkah to perform Hajj over a 2-week period. Floods are natural returning hydrological phenomena that have been affecting human lives. The objectives of the current study are: (1) identification of land use types and road networks in Makkah, (2) hydrological modeling of flood characteristics in Makkah based on precise up-to-date databases, (3) examination of the relationship between land use, land cover changes, transportation network expansion, and the floods' prosperities and hazards, and (4) development of digital hydrological maps for present and near future flood hazards in Makkah. The attained results show that the mean runoff depth and the total flood volume are significantly increased from 2010 to 2030. Additionally, it has been found that a great part of the road network in Makkah City is subjected to high dangerous flood impacts. The overall length of flood dangerfactor roads is increased from 481 km (with almost 37 %) to 1,398 km (with 74 % approximately) between 2010 and 2030. Thus, it is concluded that urbanization has a direct strong relationship with flood hazards. Consequently, it is recommended that the attained results should be taken into account by decision makers in implementing new development planning of the Makkah metropolitan area.
机译：沙特阿拉伯王国以西的麦加市被认为是沙特阿拉伯王国第三大人口稠密的大都市区。它具有两个独特的特征，这些特征增加了洪灾的严重后果：（1）其地形非常复杂，（2）每年约有300万穆斯林聚集在麦加，在两周内进行朝j。洪水是影响人类生活的自然返回的水文现象。当前研究的目标是：（1）识别麦加的土地利用类型和道路网络，（2）基于精确的最新数据库对麦加的洪水特征进行水文模拟，（3）检查两者之间的关系土地使用，土地覆盖变化，交通网络的扩张以及洪水的繁荣和危害，以及（4）开发数字水文地图，以反映麦加目前和近期的洪灾危害。所得结果表明，从2010年到2030年，平均径流深度和总洪水量均显着增加。此外，已发现麦加市的大部分道路网络都受到高危洪水的影响。在2010年至2030年之间，洪灾危险因子道路的总长度从481公里（约占37％）增加到1,398公里（约占74％）。因此，可以得出结论，城市化与洪灾直接相关。因此，建议决策者在执行麦加都会区的新发展计划时考虑所取得的成果。

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