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首页> 外文期刊>Aquatic Biology >Vertical distribution of juvenile Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus: potential role of light, temperature, food, and age
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Vertical distribution of juvenile Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus: potential role of light, temperature, food, and age

机译：幼年太平洋鳕鱼Gadus macrocephalus的垂直分布：光，温度，食物和年龄的潜在作用

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摘要

Prior to the present study little was known about factors that control daily, seasonal, or ontogenetic changes in the vertical distribution of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, an ecologically and commercially important fish species in the northern Pacific Ocean. Vertical distribution and migration of species in the family Gadidae are primarily controlled by gradients of light, temperature, food, and predators. The role of these factors in the vertical distribution of juvenile Pacific cod (0+ and 1+ yr) was tested by exposing fish to vertical gradients of light, temperature, and food that were constructed in the laboratory to simulate conditions normally found in Pacific cod habitats. Fish avoided high light and cold water. Food introduction in warmisothermal water (9°C) induced fish to feed and form more groups than when food was not present. In cold-thermocline conditions (9 to 3°C, top to bottom), food introduction into the lower third of the tank induced fish to swim deeper, but detections offood, feeding, and the formation of groups were initially inhibited by excursions into cold water. Increasing consumption of food during the hour after feeding indicated that fish adapted to cold water. Fish adapted within an hour of continuous exposureto high light as they swam higher in the water column. The effects of fish age were minor and evident as interactions with environmental condition effects on the number of fish groups. Pacific cod are able to adapt to changing ecological conditions, andtheir behavioural flexibility in response to food, temperature, and light conditions make prediction of vertical distribution complex. Future field studies of the diel vertical migration of Pacific cod should include concurrent measurements of key environmental factors and consider the ability for fish to quickly adapt to changing conditions.
机译：在本研究之前，关于控制太平洋鳕鱼（在北太平洋具有重要生态和商业意义的鱼类）的鳕的垂直分布的每日，季节性或个体发育变化的因素知之甚少。虎科中物种的垂直分布和迁移主要受光，温度，食物和食肉动物的梯度控制。通过将鱼暴露于光，温度和食物的垂直梯度中来测试这些因素在太平洋少年鳕鱼（0+和1+岁）的垂直分布中的作用，这些梯度是在实验室中构建的，以模拟通常在太平洋鳕鱼中发现的条件栖息地。鱼忌强光和冷水。与不存在食物的情况相比，将食物引入温热的水（9℃）中会诱使鱼类觅食并形成更多的群体。在凉爽的高温条件下（9到3°C，从上到下），将食物引入水箱的下三分之一会导致鱼更深地游泳，但最初对食物，觅食和组的形成的检测最初受到寒冷旅行的抑制。水。喂食后一小时内食物消耗增加，表明鱼适应了冷水。当鱼在水柱中游得更高时，它们会在连续暴露于高光下的一小时内适应。鱼龄的影响很小，与环境条件对鱼群数量的影响相互作用明显。太平洋鳕鱼能够适应不断变化的生态条件，并且它们在食物，温度和光照条件下的行为灵活性使垂直分布的预测变得复杂。太平洋鳕鱼diel垂直迁移的未来野外研究应包括对关键环境因素的同时测量，并考虑鱼类快速适应变化的条件的能力。

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