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Frigyes Riesz and the emergence of general topology The roots of 'topological space' in geometry

机译:Frigyes Riesz和一般拓扑的出现几何中“拓扑空间”的根源

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In 1906, Frigyes Riesz introduced a preliminary version of the notion of a topological space. He called it a mathematical continuum. This development can be traced back to the end of 1904 when, genuinely interested in taking up Hilbert's foundations of geometry from 1902, Riesz aimed to extend Hilbert's notion of a two-dimensional manifold to the three-dimensional case. Starting with the plane as an abstract point-set, Hilbert had postulated the existence of a system of neighbourhoods, thereby introducing the notion of an accumulation point for the point-sets of the plane. Inspired by Hilbert's technical approach, as well as by recent developments in analysis and point-set topology in France, Riesz defined the concept of a mathematical continuum as an abstract set provided with a notion of an accumulation point. In addition, he developed further elementary concepts in abstract point-set topology. Taking an abstract topological approach, he formulated a concept of three-dimensional continuous space that resembles the modern concept of a three-dimensional topological manifold. In 1908, Riesz presented his concept of mathematical continuum at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rome. His lecture immediately won the attention of people interested in carrying on his research. They promoted his ideas, thus assuring their gradual reception by several future founders of general topology. In this way, Riesz's work contributed significantly to the emergence of this discipline.
机译:1906年,Frygyes Riesz提出了拓扑空间概念的初步版本。他称其为数学连续体。这种发展可以追溯到1904年底,当时,里斯(Riesz)真正有兴趣承接希尔伯特(Hilbert)的几何学基础,旨在将希尔伯特的二维流形的概念扩展到三维情况。从平面作为抽象点集开始,希尔伯特假设存在一个邻里系统,从而引入了平面点集的累积点的概念。受希尔伯特的技术方法以及法国分析和点集拓扑的最新发展的启发,里斯将数学连续体的概念定义为抽象集,并提供了一个累积点的概念。此外,他还开发了抽象点集拓扑中的其他基本概念。他采用抽象的拓扑方法,提出了一个三维连续空间的概念,该概念类似于现代的三维拓扑流形的概念。 1908年,里斯(Riesz)在罗马的国际数学家大会上提出了他的数学连续体概念。他的演讲立即引起了有兴趣进行他的研究的人们的注意。他们推广了他的想法,从而确保了未来几位通用拓扑创始人的逐渐接受。这样,里斯的工作为该学科的产生做出了重要贡献。

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