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首页> 外文期刊>Arabian journal of geosciences >Evolution of groundwater quality in intensive agricultural zone: case of Chtouka-Massa Aquifer, Morocco
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Evolution of groundwater quality in intensive agricultural zone: case of Chtouka-Massa Aquifer, Morocco

机译：集约化农业区地下水质量演变-以摩洛哥Chtouka-Massa Aquifer为例

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摘要

The Chtouka-Massa area in Southern Morocco has shown an increase in water scarcity during the last decades, caused mainly by withdrawal of water resources aggravated by agricultural intensification and climate change impacts. To better understand the changes of groundwater quality, a sampling campaign was conducted in many wells during March 2015 and compared to historical chemical data from the hydraulic basin agency, as well as previous studies performed at Ibn Zohr University. All data were used to assess the spatial-temporal evolution of nitrate and salinity relevant to the recent sampling. This paper describes the current state of groundwater quality in the Chtouka-Massa zone with an overview of different sources of water mineralization and the nitrate evolution in an agricultural area. Our results indicate a general increase in mineralization from the north to the south, and from the east to the west. The plain, dominated by farms, shows a relatively high conductivity (up to 2000 mu S/cm), while in both costal area and Anti-Atlas Mountain the water salinity shows a gradient increase from the north to the south. However, the highest electrical conductivity is observed along the Massa River. The water type is bicarbonate, chloride, and sodium for farm samples, while from the other parts, it is mostly dominated by chloride and sodium. The spatialtemporal analysis of nitrates generally shows an increasing trend. However, the levels remain overall lower than the limit. The temporal evolution of control points set by the hydraulic agency shows a decreasing trend decline that can be explained by the improvement of agriculture practices, including the conversion towards drip irrigation mode. Different chemical tracers highlighted some processes involving the changes of mineralization of groundwater (e.g., irrigation water return, marine intrusion, and water/rock interaction). The results will be used to improve water management in this area showing water quality degradation.
机译：摩洛哥南部的Chtouka-Massa地区在过去几十年中显示出水资源短缺的增加，这主要是由于农业集约化和气候变化影响加剧了水资源的撤离。为了更好地了解地下水质量的变化，2015年3月在许多井中进行了一次采样活动，并将其与水力盆地机构的历史化学数据以及伊本佐尔大学的先前研究进行了比较。所有数据均用于评估与最近采样有关的硝酸盐和盐分的时空演变。本文介绍了Chtouka-Massa地区的地下水水质现状，并概述了农业地区水矿化和硝酸盐演变的不同来源。我们的结果表明，从北部到南部，从东部到西部，矿化作用总体上有所增加。由农场主导的平原显示出相对较高的电导率（高达2000μS / cm），而在沿海地区和反阿特拉斯山脉，水盐度从北向南呈梯度增加。但是，沿着马萨河观察到最高的电导率。农场样品的水类型为碳酸氢盐，氯化物和钠，而其他部分的水类型则主要为氯化物和钠。硝酸盐的时空分析通常显示出增加的趋势。但是，该级别总​​体上仍低于限制。水力机构设定的控制点的时间演变显示出趋势下降的趋势，这可以通过改进农业实践来解释，包括向滴灌模式的转变。不同的化学示踪剂强调了一些涉及地下水矿化变化的过程（例如，灌溉水回流，海洋入侵和水/岩石相互作用）。结果将用于改善该地区的水管理，显示出水质下降。

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