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首页> 外文期刊>Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology. >Strategies for sample delivery for femtosecond crystallography
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Strategies for sample delivery for femtosecond crystallography

机译：样品交付策略为飞秒晶体学

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摘要

Highly efficient data‐collection methods are required for successful macromolecular crystallography (MX) experiments at X‐ray free‐electron lasers (XFELs). XFEL beamtime is scarce, and the high peak brightness of each XFEL pulse destroys the exposed crystal volume. It is therefore necessary to combine diffraction images from a large number of crystals (hundreds to hundreds of thousands) to obtain a final data set, bringing about sample‐refreshment challenges that have previously been unknown to the MX synchrotron community. In view of this experimental complexity, a number of sample delivery methods have emerged, each with specific requirements, drawbacks and advantages. To provide useful selection criteria for future experiments, this review summarizes the currently available sample delivery methods, emphasising the basic principles and the specific sample requirements. Two main approaches to sample delivery are first covered: (i) injector methods with liquid or viscous media and (ii) fixed‐target methods using large crystals or using microcrystals inside multi‐crystal holders or chips. Additionally, hybrid methods such as acoustic droplet ejection and crystal extraction are covered, which combine the advantages of both fixed‐target and injector approaches.
机译：高效的数据收集方法成功所需的大分子地理在X射线晶体学(MX)实验自由电子激光(XFELs)。匮乏,每个XFEL峰值亮度高脉冲破坏暴露晶体体积。因此有必要结合衍射图像从大量的晶体(数百成百上千)来获得最终的数据集,带来样点心应承担的挑战以前被MX未知同步加速器社区。实验的复杂性,许多样品交付方法出现,每个都有特定的要求,缺点和优点。为未来提供有用的选择标准实验中,本文总结了目前可用的样品交付方法,强调的基本原则和具体的示例要求。交付是第一个覆盖:(i)注入器的方法与液体或粘稠的媒体和(2)使用大晶体或固定量目标的方法使用微晶核内多人水晶持有者或芯片。声微滴喷射和水晶提取所,结合二者的优点固定的目标和喷油器的方法。

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