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首页> 外文期刊>Aquaculture >Effects of addition of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) at different densities and sizes on production, water quality and nutrient recovery of intensive culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in cement tanks
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Effects of addition of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) at different densities and sizes on production, water quality and nutrient recovery of intensive culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in cement tanks

机译：添加不同密度和大小的红罗非鱼（Oreochromis spp。）对水泥池中白虾（南美白对虾）精养的产量，水质和养分回收的影响

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摘要

An experiment was conducted in 21 outdoor cement tanks (2.5c2c1.2m) from 8 December 2005 to 3 March 2006 to determine the effects of adding red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) at different densities and sizes on production, water quality and nutrient recovery in intensive culture tanks of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp postlarvae of 0.06g were stocked into all tanks at a density of 60 postlarvaempo, while either small (13.8pl0.2g) or large (41.9pl0.3g) mono-sex tilapia fingerlings were stocked into the shrimp tanks two weeks later at low (0.4fishmpo), medium (0.8fishmpo) or high (1.2fishmpo) density. Water depth in all tanks was maintained at 1m and salinity at 20ppt. Water loss due to evaporation was compensated weekly. The experiment was conducted in a 2c3 factorial design, while three additional tanks for shrimp monoculture were set as a control. All treatments and the control were randomly allocated to tanks in triplicate each. Shrimps were fed three times daily with commercial pellets using feeding trays made with metal frame and nylon mesh (0.6c0.6c0.05m) at the same feeding rates as those for the control. No separate feed was given to tilapia. The highest shrimp survival rate of 66.8% was obtained in the small-low density tilapia treatment, which was significantly higher than those in other treatments and the control. The small-low density tilapia treatment had the highest shrimp yield and lowest feed conversion ratio, which was similar to those in the control and the large-low and small-medium density tilapia treatments, but significantly better than those in other treatments. Factorial analyses revealed that the increase of tilapia density from 0.4 to 1.2fishm po and size from 13.8 to 41.9g negatively affected shrimp production performance but remarkably increased the combined production of shrimp and tilapia. Polyculture incorporated 36.0-49.5% of the total nitrogen input and 14.2-26.5% of the total phosphorous input into shrimp and tilapia, which were significantly higher than those (27.1% and 8.9%) in the monoculture, respectively. The nutrient recovery efficiency increased with increased tilapia stocking size and density. Polyculture with small tilapia stocked at low density had the best economic performance among all treatments and control, and significantly better than small-high, large-medium and large-high density tilapia treatments. It was concluded that addition of red tilapia at suitable stocking densities and sizes into intensive white shrimp monoculture can improve productivity, profitability, nutrient utilization and environmental friendliness of shrimp monoculture. The suitable stocking density and size of red tilapia identified in this study were 0.4fishm po and 13.7g respectively. Red tilapia could be stocked at higher density and larger size up to 1.2fishm po and 42g respectively to maximize system productivity and minimize nutrient waste without affecting shrimp survival, but economic performance could be negatively affected. Shrimp-tilapia polyculture should be promoted to improve sustainability of shrimp culture.
机译：2005年12月8日至2006年3月3日，在21个室外水泥罐（2.5c2c1.2m）中进行了一项试验，以确定添加不同密度和大小的红罗非鱼（Oreochromis spp。）对生产，水质和养分回收的影响。白色虾精养鱼缸（Litopenaeus vannamei）。将0.06克虾幼体以60尾幼体的密度放到所有鱼缸中，两周后，将低（13.8pl0.2g）或大（41.9pl0.3g）单性罗非鱼鱼种放到虾缸中（0.4fishmpo），中（0.8fishmpo）或高（1.2fishmpo）密度。所有水箱的水深保持在1m，盐度保持在20ppt。每周补偿由于蒸发造成的水损失。该实验以2c3析因设计进行，同时设置了另外三个用于虾类单养的水箱作为对照。所有处理和对照均一式三份随机分配至储罐。每天用金属框和尼龙网（0.6c0.6c0.05m）制成的喂食盘，用商品颗粒将虾用商品颗粒喂食三次，进食速率与对照相同。罗非鱼没有单独的饲料。在小低密度罗非鱼处理中，虾的最高成活率为66.8％，明显高于其他处理和对照。小-低密度罗非鱼处理具有最高的虾产量和最低的饲料转化率，这与对照和大-低-中密度罗非鱼处理相似，但明显优于其他处理。析因分析显示，罗非鱼密度从0.4到1.2鱼米po增大，尺寸从13.8到41.9g增大对虾的生产性能产生负面影响，但显着提高了虾和罗非鱼的总产量。混养对虾和罗非鱼的总氮输入量为36.0-49.5％，磷的总输入量为14.2-26.5％，分别显着高于单一养殖中的氮（27.1％和8.9％）。罗非鱼的放养规模和密度增加，养分回收效率提高。在所有处理和对照中，以低密度放养的小罗非鱼的混养经济效益最好，并且明显优于小高，大中，大高罗非鱼处理。结论是，在密集的白色虾类单养中以适当的放养密度和大小添加红罗非鱼可以提高虾类单养的生产力，利润率，养分利用率和环境友好性。在这项研究中确定的合适的放养密度和大小的红罗非鱼分别为0.4fishm po和13.7g。可以以更高的密度和更大的尺寸放养罗非鱼，最大分别达到1.2鱼米和42克，以最大程度地提高系统生产力并最大程度地减少养分浪费，而不会影响虾的生存，但经济表现可能受到不利影响。应促进虾罗非鱼的混养，以提高虾类养殖的可持续性。

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