• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Archives des sciences >Taxonomy: a discipline on the brink of extinction Are DNA barcode scanners the future of biodiversity research?
【24h】

Taxonomy: a discipline on the brink of extinction Are DNA barcode scanners the future of biodiversity research?

机译：分类学：濒临灭绝的学科DNA条形码扫描仪是生物多样性研究的未来吗？

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
       
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Taxonomy once and now The word taxonomy stems from the Greek taxis, order, and nomos, science. Taxonomy is the science of bringing order into the overwhelming diversity of life. The units defined by taxonomists, the taxa, correspond to species (or infraspecies) and groups of species representing higher taxa (genera, families, orders, classes, phyla, kingdoms, domains). These are arranged in hierarchical order according to their relationships. Taxonomy involves two different thought processes: separating operational units into discrete taxa, and bringing them back together by grouping species into higher taxa. If the main purpose of a taxonomist is to describe new species, one refers to this as alpha-taxonomy. Nomenclature sets rules for the correct and formal naming of taxa, and each major domain of organisms (animals, plants and fungi, bacteria) have their specific book of rules called Code, which is updated regularly and can be accessed online. Until up to the middle of the 20th century, taxonomy was the dominant discipline in biological sciences, with taxonomists attempting to catalogue the diversity of life around the globe. Until then, particularly in the study of fungi and lichens, taxonomy relied heavily on the compound microscope, a technique that had not changed much for virtually a century. The past sixty years saw an explosion of novel methods that also affected taxonomy and systematics and revolutionized our view of the tree of life (http://tolweb.org/tree), from electron microscopy, to secondary and protein chemistry, to DNA sequencing. At the same time, the view of taxonomy and nomenclature changed, from a stand-alone discipline to being considered a service tool to other disciplines such evolutionists, biogeographers, ecologists, and physiologists, and eventually to be viewed as being old-fashioned, outdated and unscientific. Today, a few years into the third millenium, there is the notion that taxonomy, as a discipline, is on the brink of extincion. This view is a dangerous misconception, as it puts into jeopardy a legacy of knowledge and expertise which, once gone, will be irrefutably lost and leave other disciplines without their most important currency., the names of the organisms they work with.
机译：分类学曾经是现在，分类学一词起源于希腊的出租车，秩序和自然科学。分类学是将秩序带入生活中绝大多数的科学。分类学家定义的单位，即分类单元，对应于代表较高分类单元的物种（或物种）和物种组（属，科，科，纲，门，王国，域）。它们根据它们之间的关系按层次结构排列。分类学涉及两个不同的思维过程：将操作单位分为离散的分类单元，并通过将物种分组为较高的分类单元来将它们重新组合在一起。如果分类学家的主要目的是描述新物种，则将其称为alpha分类法。命名法为正确和正式的分类单元命名设定了规则，生物的每个主要领域（动物，植物和真菌，细菌）都有其特定的规则手册，称为《规则》，该手册会定期更新并可以在线访问。直到20世纪中叶，分类学一直是生物科学中的主要学科，分类学家试图对全球生命的多样性进行分类。在此之前，特别是在真菌和地衣的研究中，分类学在很大程度上依赖于复合显微镜，该技术在近一个世纪中并未发生太大变化。在过去的60年中，出现了许多新颖的方法，这些方法也影响了分类学和系统学，并彻底改变了我们对生命树的看法（http://tolweb.org/tree），从电子显微镜到二次化学和蛋白质化学，再到DNA测序。同时，分类学和命名法的观点从一个独立的学科转变为被视为进化论者，生物地理学家，生态学家和生理学家等其他学科的服务工具，并最终被视为过时，过时的而且不科学。今天，距第三个千年已经过去了几年，有人认为分类学作为一门学科正处于灭绝的边缘。这种观点是一种危险的误解，因为它危及知识和专门知识的遗产，这些知识和专门知识一旦消失，将无可避免地丢失，并使其他学科失去与之合作的最重要的名称。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号