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Thermodynamic constraints on reflectance reciprocity and Kirchhoff's law

机译:反射互易性和基尔霍夫定律的热力学约束

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Contrary to common belief, neither reciprocity of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) nor the directional form of Kirchhoff's electromagnetic radiation law can be demonstrated on the basis of energy conservation. The BRDF is generally considered reciprocal as an extension of Helmholtz reciprocity, but Helmholtz reciprocity does not always hold. We describe the flaw in a thermodynamic demonstration of reciprocity that uses an enclosure calculation. Some conclusions can be drawn from the enclosure calculation, but reciprocity requires more restrictive conditions. We conclude that,al.though they can be violated, reciprocity and the directional form of Kirchhoff's law generally hold because of the quantum-mechanical principle of time-reversal invariance, which applies to most materials. #1998 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.5630, 000.6850.
机译:与通常的看法相反,双向反射率分布函数(BRDF)的互易性或基尔霍夫电磁辐射定律的定向形式都不能在节能的基础上得到证明。 BRDF通常被认为是互惠的,是亥姆霍兹互惠的延伸,但亥姆霍兹互惠并不总是成立。我们使用封装计算描述了互惠的热力学演示中的缺陷。从围护计算中可以得出一些结论,但是互惠需要更多的限制性条件。我们得出的结论是,尽管它们可能会受到侵犯,但由于时间反转不变性的量子力学原理,互惠性和基尔霍夫定律的方向形式通常都适用,该原理适用于大多数材料。 #1998美国光学学会OCIS代码:120.5630,000.6850。

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