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首页> 外文期刊>Applied optics >SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ASYMMETRIC DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS IN GRADED INDEX CHANNEL WAVEGUIDES ANALYZED BY COUPLED-MODE AND NORMAL-MODE TECHNIQUES
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SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ASYMMETRIC DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS IN GRADED INDEX CHANNEL WAVEGUIDES ANALYZED BY COUPLED-MODE AND NORMAL-MODE TECHNIQUES

机译：耦合模态和正常模态技术分析梯度指数通道波导中非对称方向耦合器的谱特性

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We present a detailed analysis of the spectral characteristics of asymmetric directional couplers (ADC's) formed by K+-Na+ ion exchange in BK7 glass and compare the results obtained by the use of normal-mode theory with those obtained by the use of the coupled-mode approach. Maximum power transfer is observed to occur at the wavelength at which the propagation constants of the perturbed component arms are equal. This is attributed to the strong coupling inherent in these devices. Strong coupling and asymmetry are observed to result in unequal confinement of the normal modes, leading to reduce power transfer, even when both arms of the coupler are synchronized. Additionally, significant polarization dependence is observed because of birefringence induced by both the K+-Na+ exchange process and the chosen device structure. Polarization extinction ratios of 11.9 and 26.1 dB are obtained for the arms of the directional couplers. ADC's are observed to operate as bandpass filters, and by adjustment of structural parameters, the peak transmission wavelength can be tuned, with spectral bandwidths of 25-55 nm and coupling lengths of 6-12 mm. Over 90% of the input power in the TE polarization at 1.07 mu m can be transferred to the second arm of the coupler, whereas power either in the TM polarization or at wavelengths outside the passband is relatively unaffected. We also show that within the bandpass, where the two arms are phase matched, exact normal-mode analysis yields the same results as the quasi-normal-mode approach, in which the normal modes are expressed in terms of the individual modes. [References: 22]
机译：我们对由BK7玻璃中的K + -Na +离子交换形成的非对称定向耦合器（ADC）的光谱特征进行了详细分析，并将通过使用正模理论获得的结果与通过使用耦合模获得的结果进行了比较。方法。观察到最大功率传输发生在被干扰的组件臂的传播常数相等的波长处。这归因于这些设备固有的强耦合。观察到强耦合和不对称会导致正常模式受到不平等的限制，即使耦合器的两个臂同步，也会导致功率传输减少。此外，由于K + -Na +交换过程和所选器件结构引起的双折射，观察到了显着的偏振依赖性。定向耦合器臂的极化消光比为11.9 dB和26.1 dB。观察到ADC可以用作带通滤波器，并且可以通过调整结构参数来调整峰值传输波长，其光谱带宽为25-55 nm，耦合长度为6-12 mm。可以将1.07μm的TE偏振光中超过90％的输入功率传递到耦合器的第二臂，而TM偏振光或通带以外波长的功率相对不受影响。我们还表明，在两个臂相位匹配的带通中，精确的正常模式分析产生的结果与准正常模式方法的结果相同，准正常模式方法以单独的模式表示正常模式。 [参考：22]

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