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Toxins from Venomous Arthropods in Brazil: Patents and Potential Bio-technological Applications

机译：巴西有毒节肢动物的毒素：专利和潜在的生物技术应用

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Background: The diversity of components in arthropod venoms constitute a rich source of bioactive molecules. Brazil is the most biodiverse country in the world, comprising 15 to 20% of the total catalogued species, with approximately 103,870 animal species including arthropods. Although many articles mention the biotechnological potential of these venoms and toxins, only a few studies compile the patented uses of these molecules. Objective: This review describes the knowledge about the molecular mechanism of venoms and toxins with biotechnological potential, and lists the patents deposited up to 2021 related to the main medical relevant arthropods in Brazil including the orders Araneae (spider genus Phoneutria, Loxosceles, Latrodectus), Scorpiones (scorpion genus Tityus), Lepidoptera (caterpillar genus Lonomia), and Hy-menoptera. Methods: The international patent search engine "Espacenet" and the "Brazilian patent office" were used to search the patents described in this article. Results: Up to date, 34 patents have been filled involving these Brazilian arthropods' venoms or toxins. Most of them (20) claimed biotechnological inventions with spider toxins, mainly from the genus Phoneutria. Only seven inventions involved venom or toxins from scorpions, one from a bee, three from wasps, and three from caterpillars. Conclusions: Brazil is one of the main references in venoms and toxins' studies; however, the limited number of deposited patents related to this area by Brazilian researchers do not reflect their pioneer position in this field. On the other hand, patents were well described and made with purified toxins, rather than with the whole venom. Nevertheless, the vast publication record of venom and toxin characterization that leads to a better understanding of their molecular mechanisms paves the way for turning these promising molecules into possible products.
机译：背景:组件的多样性节肢动物毒液构成的丰富来源生物活性分子。世界上生物多样性的国家,包括15编目物种总数的20%大约103870动物物种包括节肢动物。这些毒液和生物技术的潜力毒素,只有少数研究编译专利这些分子的使用。描述了知识分子毒液和毒素的机制生物技术的潜力,列出了专利沉积2021相关的主要医疗在巴西,包括有关节肢动物订单蜘蛛类(蜘蛛属要,属Tityus)、鳞翅目(卡特彼勒属国际专利搜索引擎“Espacenet”和“巴西专利局”被用来在这篇文章中描述的专利搜索。结果:34岁的最新专利填补涉及这些巴西节肢动物的毒液毒素。生物技术发明与蜘蛛毒素,主要来自属要。发明涉及毒液或毒素蝎子,一个来自一只蜜蜂,黄蜂三,三个从毛毛虫。的一个主要引用毒液和毒素的研究;这个地区由巴西相关专利研究人员并不能反映他们的先锋地位在这一领域。描述和用纯化毒素,而不是整个毒液。毒液和毒素的庞大的出版记录描述导致一个更好的了解其分子机制铺平道路把这些有前途的分子可能的产品。

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