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Control of parasitic diseases in aquaculture

机译：水产养殖寄生虫病控制

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Abstract Finfish aquaculture in freshwater and marine environments is continuously expanding globally, and the potential for a substantial further increase is well documented. The industry is supplying fish products for human consumption to the same extent as capture fisheries, and new fish species for domestication are still being selected by the industry. The challenge faced by all aquacultured species, classical and novel, is the range of pathogens associated with each new fish type. A fish host in its natural environment carries a series of more or less specific parasites (specialists and generalists). Some of these show a marked ability to propagate in aquaculture settings. They may then elicit disease when infection intensities in the confined aquaculture environment reach high levels. In addition, the risk of transmission of parasites from aquaculture enterprises to wild fish stocks adds to the parasitic challenge. Control programmes of various kinds are needed and these may include chemotherapeutants and medicines as the farmer's first and convenient choice, but mechanical, biological, immunological and genetic control methods are available solutions. New methods are still to be developed by scrutinizing the life cycle of each particular parasite species and pin-pointing the vulnerable stage to be targeted. As parasites exhibit a huge potential for adaptation to environmental changes, one must realize that only one approach rarely is sufficient. The present work therefore elaborates on and advocates for implementation of integrated control strategies for diseases caused by protozoan and metazoan parasites.
机译：摘要 淡水和海洋环境中的有鳍鱼类养殖在全球范围内不断扩大，并且有进一步大幅增长的潜力。该行业为人类消费提供鱼产品与捕捞渔业的程度相同，该行业仍在选择新的驯化鱼类品种。所有水产养殖物种，无论是经典的还是新颖的，都面临着与每种新鱼类相关的病原体范围的挑战。自然环境中的鱼类宿主携带一系列或多或少特定的寄生虫（专家和通才）。其中一些显示出在水产养殖环境中繁殖的显著能力。当封闭水产养殖环境中的感染强度达到高水平时，它们可能会引发疾病。此外，寄生虫从水产养殖企业传播到野生鱼类种群的风险增加了寄生虫的挑战。需要各种控制方案，这些方案可能包括化学药剂和药物作为农民的首选和方便的选择，但机械、生物、免疫和遗传控制方法是可用的解决方案。通过仔细检查每个特定寄生虫物种的生命周期并确定要针对的脆弱阶段，仍有待开发新的方法。由于寄生虫在适应环境变化方面表现出巨大的潜力，因此必须认识到，只有一种方法就足够了。因此，本工作详细阐述并倡导实施由原生动物和后生动物寄生虫引起的疾病的综合控制策略。

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