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首页> 外文期刊>Botanica Marina >Crusts of the alien bryozoan Membranipora membranacea can negatively impact spore output from native kelps (Laminaria longicruris)
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Crusts of the alien bryozoan Membranipora membranacea can negatively impact spore output from native kelps (Laminaria longicruris)

机译：外来的苔藓苔藓Membranipora membranacea的结壳可能会对天然海带（Laminaria longicruris）的孢子产生负面影响

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Severe outbreaks of the crustforming European bryozoan Membranipora membranacea in northwestern Atlantic waters have caused extensive losses of kelp canopy through a process of defoliation. Here, we report how these crusts may negatively impact kelp beds by reducing spore release from fertile blades. In the laboratory, fully and partially encrusted sori of Laminaria longicruris released significantly fewer spores than bryozoanfree blades. Through field observations, we quantified the potential ecological impact of the encrusting mechanism. Unlike previous years, infestation was minimal in 2002 when only 4% of kelp surface areas were covered with bryozoan colonies (with a maximum of 72% of kelp individuals infested). This indicates strong interannual variability in the scale of impact on kelp spore release. In years when Membranipora encrustation impact is high and coincides with invasion by other nonnative species and/or elevated levels of sea urchin grazing, there is the potential for conversion of the rocky subtidal benthos to a new, possibly stable community state.
机译：在西北大西洋水域中，严重形成外壳的欧洲苔藓虫Membranipora membranacea的严重暴发通过脱叶过程造成了海带冠层的大量损失。在这里，我们报告这些结皮如何通过减少可繁殖叶片释放的孢子而对海藻床产生负面影响。在实验室中，完全和部分包埋的Laminaria longicruris孢子释放的孢子明显少于无bryozoanan叶片。通过现场观察，我们量化了结壳机制的潜在生态影响。与往年不同，2002年的侵扰极少，当时海藻表面积只有4％被苔藓虫菌落覆盖（最多有72％的海带受到侵染）。这表明对海带孢子释放的影响程度的年际变化很大。在多年的Membranipora结壳影响很高并且与其他外来物种入侵和/或海胆放牧水平升高同时发生的情况下，有可能将潮下的岩石底栖生物转换为新的可能稳定的群落状态。

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