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首页> 外文期刊>Archives of Toxicology >Toxicity of pristine versus functionalized fullerenes: Mechanisms of cell damage and the role of oxidative stress
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Toxicity of pristine versus functionalized fullerenes: Mechanisms of cell damage and the role of oxidative stress

机译：原始与功能性富勒烯的毒性：细胞损伤的机制和氧化应激的作用

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摘要

The fullerene C60, due to the physicochemical properties of its spherical cage-like molecule build exclusively from carbon atoms, is able to both scavenge and generate reactive oxygen species. While this unique dual property could be exploited in biomedicine, the low water solubility of C 60 hampers the investigation of its behavior in biological systems. The C60 can be brought into water by solvent extraction, by complexation with surfactants/ polymers, or by long-term stirring, yielding pristine (unmodified) fullerene suspensions. On the other hand, a modification of the C60 core by the attachment of various functional groups results in the formation of water-soluble fullerene derivatives. Assessment of toxicity associated with C60 preparations is of pivotal importance for their biomedical application as cytoprotective (antioxidant), cytotoxic (anticancer), or drug delivery agents. Moreover, the widespread industrial utilization of fullerenes may also have implications for human health. However, the alterations in physicochemical properties imposed by the utilization of different methods for C60 solubilization profoundly influence toxicological effects of fullerene preparations, thus making the analysis of their potential therapeutic and environmental toxicity difficult. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of fullerenes, focusing on the comparison between pristine and derivatized C 60 preparations and the mechanisms of their toxicity to mammalian cells and tissues.
机译：富勒烯C60由于其球形笼状分子的理化性质仅由碳原子构成，因此能够清除并生成活性氧。虽然这种独特的双重性质可以在生物医学中加以利用，但C 60的低水溶性阻碍了其在生物系统中的行为研究。可以通过溶剂萃取，与表面活性剂/聚合物络合或通过长期搅拌将C60引入水中，得到原始的（未改性的）富勒烯悬浮液。另一方面，通过各种官能团的连接修饰C60核导致形成水溶性富勒烯衍生物。与C60制剂相关的毒性评估对于其作为细胞保护性（抗氧化剂），细胞毒性（抗癌剂）或药物递送剂的生物医学应用至关重要。此外，富勒烯的广泛工业利用也可能对人类健康产生影响。但是，由于采用不同的方法溶解C60而使理化性质发生变化，从而深刻影响了富勒烯制剂的毒理学影响，因此难以分析其潜在的治疗和环境毒性。这篇综述提供了富勒烯的体外和体内毒性的全面评估，重点是原始和衍生化的C 60制剂之间的比较以及它们对哺乳动物细胞和组织的毒性机制。

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