...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Archives of Toxicology >Manufactured nanomaterials: categorization and approaches to hazard assessment
【24h】

Manufactured nanomaterials: categorization and approaches to hazard assessment

机译：人造纳米材料：危害评估的分类和方法

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Nanotechnology offers enormous potential for technological progress. Fortunately, early and intensive efforts have been invested in investigating toxicology and safety aspects of this new technology. However, despite there being more than 6,000 publications on nanotoxicology, some key questions still have to be answered and paradigms need to be challenged. Here, we present a view on the field of nanotoxicology to stimulate the discussion on major knowledge gaps and the critical appraisal of concepts or dogma. First, in the ongoing debate as to whether nanoparticles may harbour a specific toxicity due to their size, we support the view that there is at present no evidence of 'nanospecific' mechanisms of action; no step-change in hazard was observed so far for particles below 100 nm in one dimension. Therefore, it seems unjustified to consider all consumer products containing nanoparticles a priori as hazardous. Second, there is no evidence so far that fundamentally different biokinetics of nanoparticles would trigger toxicity. However, data are sparse whether nanoparticles may accumulate to an extent high enough to cause chronic adverse effects. To facilitate hazard assessment, we propose to group nanomaterials into three categories according to the route of exposure and mode of action, respectively: Category 1 comprises nanomaterials for which toxicity is mediated by the specific chemical properties of its components, such as released ions or functional groups on the surface. Nanomaterials belonging to this category have to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, depending on their chemical identity. Category 2 focuses on rigid biopersistent respirable fibrous nanomaterials with a specific geometry and high aspect ratio (so-called WHO fibres). For these fibres, hazard assessment can be based on the experiences with asbestos. Category 3 focuses on respirable granular biodurable particles (GBP) which, after inhalation, may cause inflammation and secondary mutagenicity that may finally lead to lung cancer. After intravenous, oral or dermal exposure, nanoscaled GBPs investigated apparently did not show 'nanospecific' effects so far. Hazard assessment of GBPs may be based on the knowledge available for granular particles. In conclusion, we believe the proposed categorization system will facilitate future hazard assessments.
机译：纳米技术为技术进步提供了巨大潜力。幸运的是，已经投入了大量的早期精力来研究这项新技术的毒理学和安全性方面。然而，尽管有6,000多种关于纳米毒理学的出版物，但仍需要回答一些关键问题，并且需要挑战范式。在这里，我们提出了关于纳米毒理学领域的观点，以激发有关主要知识差距和对概念或教条的批判性评价的讨论。首先，在有关纳米粒子是否因其尺寸而可能具有特定毒性的持续辩论中，我们支持以下观点：目前尚无“纳米特异性”作用机制的证据。到目前为止，对于一维以下100 nm以下的颗粒，尚未观察到危害的阶梯变化。因此，将所有含有纳米颗粒的消费品先验性地视为危险似乎是没有道理的。第二，到目前为止，没有证据表明纳米粒子的根本不同的生物动力学会触发毒性。但是，有关纳米颗粒是否积累到足以引起慢性不良反应的程度的数据很少。为了促进危害评估，我们建议根据暴露途径和作用方式分别将纳米材料分为三类：第1类包括其毒性由其组分的特定化学性质（例如释放的离子或功能性）介导的纳米材料。表面上的基团。属于此类的纳米材料必须根据其化学特性逐案评估。第2类重点研究具有特定几何形状和高长宽比的刚性生物持久性可呼吸纤维纳米材料（所谓的WHO纤维）。对于这些纤维，危害评估可以基于石棉的经验。第3类集中于可吸入颗粒生物耐用颗粒（GBP），吸入后可引起炎症和继发性诱变性，最终导致肺癌。在静脉，口服或皮肤暴露后，迄今为止，研究的纳米级GBPs显然没有显示出“纳米特异性”作用。 GBPs的危险性评估可能基于可用于颗粒的知识。总之，我们认为拟议的分类系统将有助于未来的危害评估。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号