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首页> 外文期刊>Archives of Toxicology >Genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of engineered nanoparticles: An update
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Genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of engineered nanoparticles: An update

机译：工程纳米颗粒的遗传毒性和致癌潜力：最新进展

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Nanoscience and nanotechnology have seen an exponential growth over the past decade largely due to the unique properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), advances in ENP synthesis, and imaging or analysis tools. The unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, abundant reactive sites on the surface, large fraction of atoms located on the exterior face have made these novel materials the most sought after for consumer and industrial applications. This significant increase in the ENP containing consumer products has also enhanced the chances of human and environmental exposure. Humans get exposed to ENPs at various steps of its synthesis (laboratory), manufacture (industry), use (consumer products, devices, medicines, etc.) and through the environment (contaminated water, aerosolized particles, and disposal). Such exposures to ENPs are known to induce genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in biological system. This is attributed to several factors, such as direct interaction of ENPs with the genetic material, indirect damage due to reactive oxygen species generation, release of toxic ions from soluble ENPs, interaction with cytoplasmicuclear proteins, binding with mitotic spindle or its components, increased oxidative stress, disturbance of cell cycle checkpoint functions, inhibition of antioxidant defense, and many others. The present review describes an overview of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies with ENPs, advantages and potential problems associated with the methods used in genotoxicity assessment, and the need for appropriate method and approach for risk assessment of ENPs.
机译：纳米科学和纳米技术在过去十年中呈指数增长，这主要归功于工程纳米颗粒（ENP）的独特特性，ENP合成的进步以及成像或分析工具。诸如高的表面积与体积之比，表面上丰富的反应位点，位于外表面的大量原子等独特的特性，使这些新型材料成为消费者和工业应用最需要的材料。含有ENP的消费产品的显着增加也增加了人类和环境暴露的机会。人体在其合成（实验室），制造（工业），使用（消费产品，设备，药品等）和环境（污染的水，雾化的颗粒和处置）的各个步骤中都暴露于ENP。已知此类ENP暴露会在生物系统中引起基因毒性，细胞毒性和致癌性。这归因于多种因素，例如ENP与遗传物质的直接相互作用，由于活性氧的产生而造成的间接损害，可溶性ENP释放有毒离子，与细胞质/核蛋白的相互作用，与有丝分裂纺锤体或其成分的结合，氧化应激增加，细胞周期检查点功能受到干扰，抗氧化防御能力受到抑制等。本综述介绍了使用ENP进行的体外和体内遗传毒性研究的概况，与遗传毒性评估中使用的方法相关的优点和潜在问题，以及对ENP风险评估的适当方法和方法的需求。

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