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首页> 外文期刊>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society >Molecular phylogenetics of Alternanthera (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae): resolving a complex taxonomic history caused by different interpretations of morphological characters in a lineage with C4 and C3-C4 intermediate species
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Molecular phylogenetics of Alternanthera (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae): resolving a complex taxonomic history caused by different interpretations of morphological characters in a lineage with C4 and C3-C4 intermediate species

机译：链格孢属（Almphantanthera）的分子系统发育：解决由C4和C3-C4中间物种谱系中形态特征的不同解释引起的复杂分类学历史

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Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) is a diverse genus (80-200 species) largely restricted to the American Tropics. With Pedersenia and Tidestromia, it makes up the Alternantheroid clade in Gomphrenoideae. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rpl16, trnL-F) and morphological characters identify that the capitate stigma of Alternanthera is a synapomorpy within the Alternantheroids. Within Alternanthera, two major clades were resolved, both of which were marked by otherwise homoplasious characters of the gynoecium: Clade A [99% jackknife (JK); 1.0 posterior probability (PP)] with nine species and Clade B (60% JK; 0.98 PP) with 22 species. Four subclades (B1B4), strongly supported statistically, were identified in Clade B. Previous subgeneric classifications of Alternanthera appear artificial in light of our new molecular phylogenetic analyses. Most major lineages are congruently resolved by nuclear and plastid data but some incongruence between the nrITS and plastid phylogenetic trees suggests hybridization may have played a role in the rampant speciation in Alternanthera. Whereas C4 photosynthesis appears to have evolved in a single clade, the position of A. littoralis var. maritima (C3) in this clade may be explained by hybrid speciation rather than a reversal from C4 to C3. All C3C4 intermediates belong to a different clade that also contains C3 species, but species limits, including the widely studied A. tenella, are unclear. The clade including A. tenella and A. halimifolia contains most of the species endemic to the Galapagos whereas A. nesiotes, also endemic to the islands, is nested among widespread American taxa. This suggests that the Galapagos radiation of Alternanthera may have arisen from at least two independent colonization events followed by a subsequent radiation in the former lineage
机译：nan菜（Amaranthaceae）是一种多样的属（80-200种），主要限于美洲热带地区。与Pedersenia和Tidestromia一起组成了Gomphrenoideideae的Alternantheroid进化枝。核仁（ITS）和质体（rpl16，trnL-F）的核苷酸序列的简约和贝叶斯分析和形态学特征表明，头孢互生的头孢菌属是拟南芥内的突触。在Alternanthera内，解决了两个主要进化枝，这两个特征均以妇科的其他同质性特征为特征：进化枝A [99％折刀（JK）; 1.0种后验概率（PP）]有9种，而进化枝B（60％JK; 0.98 PP）有22种。在进化枝B中鉴定出四个在统计上有力支持的子分支（B1B4）。根据我们新的分子系统发育分析，以前的子链亚种分类是人工的。大多数主要谱系都可以通过核和质体数据一致地解决，但是nrITS和质体系统发生树之间的某些不一致之处表明，杂交可能在Alternanthera的猖spec物种形成中起作用。 C4光合作用似乎在单个进化枝中进化，而立枯曲霉的位置。进化枝中的maritima（C3）可以用杂种来解释，而不是从C4反转为C3。所有C3C4中间体都属于一个不同的进化枝，其中也包含C3物种，但是尚不清楚物种的限制，包括广泛研究的A. tenella。包括A. tenella和A. halimifolia在内的进化枝包含加拉帕戈斯群岛特有的大多数物种，而同样是该岛特有的neseotes则嵌套在广泛的美国生物群中。这表明，至少两次独立的定植事件，以及随后的前谱系辐射，都可能引起了加特帕格星的加拉帕戈斯辐射。

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