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A phenomenological model of the muon density profile on the ground of very inclined air showers

机译：非常倾斜的空气淋浴地面上的μ子密度分布的现象学模型

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摘要

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays generate extensive air showers in Earth's atmosphere. A standard approach to reconstruct the energy of an ultra-high energy cosmic rays is to sample the lateral profile of the particle density on the ground of the air shower with an array of surface detectors. For cosmic rays with large inclinations, this reconstruction is based on a model of the lateral profile of the muon density observed on the ground, which is fitted to the observed muon densities in individual surface detectors. The best models for this task are derived from detailed Monte-Carlo simulations of the air shower development. We present a phenomenological parametrization scheme which allows to derive a model of the average lateral profile of the muon density directly from a fit to a set of individual Monte-Carlo simulated air showers. The model reproduces the detailed simulations with a high precision. As an example, we generate a muon density model which is valid in the energy range 10~(18) eV < E < 10~(20) eV and the zenith angle range 60°<θ<90°. We will further demonstrate a way to speed up the simulation of such muon profiles by three orders of magnitude, if only the muons in the shower are of interest.
机译：超高能宇宙射线在地球大气层中产生大量的空气阵雨。重建超高能宇宙射线能量的标准方法是使用表面检测器阵列对空气淋浴地面上的粒子密度横向分布进行采样。对于具有较大倾斜度的宇宙射线，此重建基于在地面上观测到的μ子密度的侧向轮廓模型，该模型适合于各个表面探测器中观测到的μ子密度。这项任务的最佳模型来自对空气淋浴器开发的详细蒙特卡洛模拟。我们提出了一种现象学参数化方案，该方案允许直接从拟合到一组单独的蒙特卡洛模拟风淋室的模型中得出介子密度的平均横向轮廓模型。该模型以高精度再现了详细的模拟。例如，我们生成了一个μon密度模型，该模型在能量范围10〜（18）eV

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