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On the efficient treatment of temperature profiles for the estimation of atmospheric transmittance under scattering conditions

机译：关于温度分布的有效处理，以估计散射条件下的大气透射率

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摘要

The vertical temperature profile of the atmosphere has an influence on the width and intensity of gaseous absorption lines. In the visible and near infrared part of the spectrum, this poses a problem for the fast forward simulation of the radiative transfer, needed in algorithms for the retrieval of any atmospheric or surface-related parameter from satellite measurements. We show that the main part of the global variability of temperature profiles can be described by their first 2 to 6 eigenvectors, depending on the accuracy requirement, by performing a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on a global set of temperature profiles from the Global Forecast System (GFS). Furthermore, we demonstrate the possibility to approximate the atmospheric transmittance in the O_2 A band for any temperature profile with almost perfect accuracy by a linear combination of the transmittances attributed to each of the significant temperature eigenvectors. For the retrieval of surface pressure from O_2 A band measurements, this reduces the global root mean square error from > 30 hPa to better than 1 hPa by strongly reducing the regional bias of surface pressure, retrieved on the assumption of an average temperature profile. The technique can be applied under scattering conditions to eliminate temperature-induced errors in, e.g., simulated radiances. In principal, the method can be useful for any problem including gaseous absorption or emission with a significant influence of the temperature profile, such as the retrieval of total water vapour content or sea surface temperature.
机译：大气的垂直温度分布会影响气体吸收线的宽度和强度。在光谱的可见光和近红外部分，这对辐射传递的快速正向仿真提出了一个问题，这是从卫星测量中检索任何与大气或地面相关的参数的算法中所需要的。我们表明，根据精度要求，可以通过对来自全球预报的全球温度剖面集进行主成分分析（PCA），来通过温度曲线的前2至6个特征向量来描述温度剖面的全局变化的主要部分系统（GFS）。此外，我们证明了通过归因于每个重要温度本征向量的透射率的线性组合，可以以几乎完美的精度近似逼近O_2 A波段的大气透射率。为了从O_2 A波段测量值中检索表面压力，这可以通过大大降低表面压力的区域偏差（将温度假定为平均温度）来将全局均方根误差从> 30 hPa减小到优于1 hPa。可以在散射条件下应用该技术，以消除温度引起的误差，例如模拟辐射。原则上，该方法可用于任何问题，包括对温度曲线有重大影响的气体吸收或排放，例如总水蒸气含量或海面温度的恢复。

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