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首页> 外文期刊>Australasian Plant Pathology >Black root rot: a pandemic in Australian cotton
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Black root rot: a pandemic in Australian cotton

机译：黑根腐烂：澳大利亚棉花大流行

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摘要

Black root rot of cotton, caused by Thielaviopsis basicola, is widespread in Australia. Disease progress was monitored in annual surveys of 30 farms in north-west NSW, and in an 8-year crop rotation experiment. The population of T. basicola in irrigation water and soil was determined using selective media. The distribution of black root rot among farms (97%) and its incidence within farms (72% of fields) and within fields (36% of plants), in NSW in 2003, resulted from exponential spread of the pathogen during the 1990s. The incidence of black root rot was not correlated with cotton seedling mortality. The population of T. basicola, using a selective medium, was up to 179 cfu/L in irrigation water and 11.78 cfu/g of floating crop residue. T. basicola was present in small numbers (3-8 cfu/g) in dry soil attached to vehicles. Disease severity in cotton following wheat was 59 and 43% less than in continuous cotton, in 1996 and 1998, respectively. However, rotation with wheat merely delayed disease progress. The incidence and severity of black root rot increased, and cotton yield simultaneously decreased, as the cumulative number of cotton crops increased, irrespective of fallows or rotations. Repetitive cotton monoculture and dispersal of inoculum with water and machinery have contributed to the black root rot pandemic.
机译：普通黑霉菌引起的棉花黑根腐烂在澳大利亚很普遍。通过对新南威尔士州西北部30个农场的年度调查以及为期8年的轮作试验，监测了疾病进展。使用选择性培养基确定灌溉水和土壤中的基础丁香虫种群。 2003年在新南威尔士州，黑根腐病在农场之间的分布（97％）及其在农场（72％的田地）和田间（36％的植物）内的发生是由于病原体在1990年代呈指数传播所致。黑根腐烂的发生与棉花幼苗的死亡率无关。使用选择性培养基，碱性水的种群在灌溉水中高达179 cfu / L，在浮游作物中的残留量为11.78 cfu / g。附着在车辆上的干燥土壤中存在少量巴氏杆菌（3-8 cfu / g）。在1996年和1998年，小麦播种后棉花的病害严重程度分别比连续棉分别低59％和43％。但是，小麦轮作只会延缓疾病的进展。黑麦腐烂的发生率和严重性增加，棉花产量同时下降，这是因为棉花作物的累积数量增加，而不论休耕或轮作如何。重复的棉花单一栽培以及用水和机械分散接种物，已造成黑根腐病大流行。

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