A PRACTICAL MODIFICATION TO RAMAMURTHY ETAL. STRENGTH CRITERION BASED ON LAB DATA ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT INTACT ROCK TYPES AND COAL

Hossein Bineshian; Vamegh Rasouli; Zahra Bineshian

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A PRACTICAL MODIFICATION TO RAMAMURTHY ETAL. STRENGTH CRITERION BASED ON LAB DATA ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT INTACT ROCK TYPES AND COAL

机译：对RAMAMURTHY ETAL的实际修改。基于实验室数据分析的不同完整岩石类型和煤的强度判据

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The original Ramamurthy et al. (1985) criterion propose the estimation of rock strength under compression forces. This criterion includes two constants B and α, which account for properties of different rocks. The validity of the strength criterion depends on the number of the data used to extract these constants. In this paper a wide range of triaxial lab data corresponding to various rock types reported in the literature was used to determine constants B and α in Ramamurthy's failure criterion. In addition these constants were determined for coal using cores taken at different angles with respect to its foliation planes: this allowed taking the isotropic transverse behaviour of coals into account. To fit the best curve to the data both linear conversion model (LCM) and nonlinear regression model (NRM) were applied. The results of the analyses and the proposed constants for different rock types and coals are presented.

机译：原始的Ramamurthy等。（1985）标准提出了在压缩力作用下岩石强度的估计。该标准包括两个常数B和α，它们说明了不同岩石的特性。强度标准的有效性取决于用于提取这些常数的数据数量。在本文中，与文献中报道的各种岩石类型相对应的大量三轴实验室数据被用于确定Ramamurthy破坏准则中的常数B和α。此外，这些常数是使用相对于叶面成不同角度的岩心确定的：这些参数考虑了煤的各向同性横向行为。为了将最佳曲线拟合到数据，使用了线性转换模型（LCM）和非线性回归模型（NRM）。给出了分析结果以及针对不同岩石类型和煤的建议常数。

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《Australian Geomechanics》 |2014年第1期|共11页
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Hossein Bineshian; Vamegh Rasouli; Zahra Bineshian;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类地质力学;
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1. A PRACTICAL MODIFICATION TO RAMAMURTHY ETAL. STRENGTH CRITERION BASED ON LAB DATA ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT INTACT ROCK TYPES AND COAL [J] . Hossein Bineshian, Vamegh Rasouli, Zahra Bineshian Australian Geomechanics . 2014,第1期

机译：对RAMAMURTHY ETAL的实际修改。基于实验室数据分析的不同完整岩石类型和煤的强度判据
2. Three-dimensional strength estimation of intact rocks using a modified Hoek-Brown criterion based on a new deviatoric function [J] . Wu Shunchuan, Zhang Shihuai, Zhang Guang International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences . 2018,第期

机译：基于新偏离函数的改进的Hoek-Brown标准，三维强度估计完整岩石
3. Technical Note A Strength Criterion Based on Critical State Mechanics for Intact Rocks [J] . M. Singh, B. Singh Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering . 2005,第3期

机译：技术说明完整岩石基于临界状态力学的强度准则
4. An appraisal and modification of Ramamurthy criterion on anisotropic rocks [C] . A. Ghazvinian, M.R. Hadei, H.R. Nejati, International Congress on Rock Mechanics . 2012

机译：各向异性岩石中拉莫文标准的评估与修改
5. A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SUBSIDENCE TYPE AND DELAYS OVER ROOM AND PILLAR COAL MINES (ROCK MECHANICS, STRATA CONTROL, GROUND). [D] . VAN BESIEN, ALPHONSE C. 1985

机译：房体和柱煤开采的沉降类型和延误的统计分析（岩石力学，地层控制，地面）。
6. Retrospective Data Analysis and Proposal of a Practical Acceptance Criterion for Inter-laboratory Cross-validation of Bioanalytical Methods Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry [O] . Tomoki Yoneyama, Takashi Kudo, Fumihiro Jinno, 2014

机译：液相色谱/串联质谱法对生物分析方法进行实验室间交叉验证的回顾性数据分析和实用标准的建议
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

A PRACTICAL MODIFICATION TO RAMAMURTHY ETAL. STRENGTH CRITERION BASED ON LAB DATA ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT INTACT ROCK TYPES AND COAL

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