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首页> 外文期刊>Australian Journal of Soil Research >Claying and deep ripping can increase crop yields and profits on water repellent sands with marginal fertility in southern Western Australia. (Special Issue: Subsoil constraints to grain cropping.)
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Claying and deep ripping can increase crop yields and profits on water repellent sands with marginal fertility in southern Western Australia. (Special Issue: Subsoil constraints to grain cropping.)

机译：粘土和深层撕裂可以提高西部澳大利亚南部肥沃的憎水沙粒的农作物产量和利润。 （特刊：土壤对谷物作物的限制。）

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摘要

Sandplain soils on the south coast of Western Australia have multiple limitations to crop production that include water repellence, low water and nutrient retention, subsoil acidity, and high soil strength. Crops on sandplain soils achieve, on average, almost 85% of their rainfall-limited yield potential; however, where there are multiple limitations the corresponding value is often <50% in any given year. Previous research has shown the value of applying clay-rich subsoil ('claying') to ameliorate water repellent soils and improve nutrient retention. Other studies have shown that deep ripping is effective in reducing compaction in sandplain soils. This paper quantifies the effects of 5 subsoil clay rates (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 t/ha), with and without deep ripping to 0.5 m, on soil properties, crop growth, and profitability in a replicated field experiment. Crop yields were increased by 0.3-0.6 t/ha as result of added clay. The clay content of the surface soil required to alleviate water repellence and achieve the highest yield increases was 3-6% in soils with ~1% organic carbon. Longer term effects of claying included increased soil organic carbon by 0.2%, pH by 0.6 units, potassium by 47 mg/kg, soil strength by 250 kPa, and cation exchange capacity by 1.3 cmolc/kg to a depth of 0.1 m. However, changes in plant-available water (mm/m) were inconsistent between the clay treatments. Deep ripping to 0.5 m increased crop yields by 0.1-0.5 t/ha. These crop yield responses were still evident 3 years after the ripping treatment had been applied. Soil strength measurements indicate that re-compaction of the ripped treatments had occurred to a depth of 0.2 m in the second year following ripping. Crop responses to claying and deep ripping were additive. Claying and deep ripping, while almost doubling yields, achieved only 50-70% of the rainfall-limited yield potential on these marginally fertile soils. The highest clay rates (>3-6%) had cumulative discounted cash returns $AU100-200/ha higher than the unclayed 'control' treatment and $300/ha higher than the lowest clay rates. For most of the clay treatments, deep ripping increased discounted returns between 2005 and 2007 by $80-120/ha.
机译：西澳大利亚州南海岸的平原地区土壤对作物的生产具有多种限制，包括拒水，水分和养分保持率低，底土酸度高以及土壤强度高。沙质土壤上的农作物平均达到了受降雨限制的单产潜力的近85％;但是，如果存在多个限制，则任何给定年份的相应值通常<50％。先前的研究表明，使用富含粘土的底土（“覆层”）来改善憎水土壤和改善养分保留的价值。其他研究表明，深层撕裂可有效减少沙质土壤中的压实。本文在重复田间试验中，定量分析了5种深层土壤黏度（0、50、100、200和300吨/公顷，有和没有深开裂至0.5 m）对土壤性质，作物生长和获利的影响。由于添加了粘土，农作物的产量提高了0.3-0.6吨/公顷。在有机碳含量约为1％的土壤中，减轻疏水性并实现最高产量增长所需的表层土壤粘土含量为3-6％。长期的黏土作用包括使土壤有机碳增加0.2％，pH增加0.6单位，钾增加47 mg / kg，土壤强度增加250 kPa，阳离子交换容量增加1.3 cmol c / kg深度为0.1 m。然而，在粘土处理之间植物可用水的变化（mm / m）是不一致的。深切至0.5 m可使作物单产提高0.1-0.5 t / ha。在应用裂谷处理后3年，这些作物的产量响应仍然很明显。土壤强度测量表明，撕裂后第二年深度为0.2 m的撕裂处理重新压实。作物对黏土和深裂的反应是累加的。在这些贫瘠的土壤上，粘土和深层裂殖虽然产量几乎翻了一番，但仅达到了降雨限制的产量潜力的50-70％。最高的粘土税率（> 3-6％）的累积贴现现金收益比未进行“对照”处理的现金多100-200澳元/公顷，比最低的粘土税率高300 /公顷。对于大多数黏土处理而言，深层撕裂在2005年至2007年之间将贴现收益提高了80-120美元/公顷。

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