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The Power of Heterosis in Brangus

机译：Brangus杂种的力量

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摘要

One of the main genetic factors that affect the efficiency of commercial breeding programs is hybrid vigor, or heterosis. Heterosis is defined as the superior performance of crossbred cattle compared to the average of their purebred parental base. Heterosis has the highest effects on traits with lowheritabilities such as fertility, longevity, and milk production. If a progeny is crossbred from two purebred parents, it will get one set of unique and different alleles from each parent and have direct heterosis. Direct heterosis is the higher performance of progeny compared to the average of their parents. Direct heterosis has the most impact on growth rate and size traits of the calf. If the dam is a crossbred herself, she will have heterosis that will benefit her calf. The dam will exhibit heterosis for maternal effects, such as milk production, and this maternal heterosis will help the calf have a higher weaning weight than if the calf had a straightbred dam. If you combine the advantage of having calves that will grow bigger faster with the advantage of cows that will stay in your herd longer while producing heavier calves, it is obvious why utilizing both direct and maternal heterosis is advantageous to your breeding program.
机译：影响商业育种程序效率的主要遗传因素之一是杂种活力或杂种优势。杂种优势被定义为与纯种父母亲的平均水平相比，杂交牛的性能更好。杂种优势对低遗传性状（如生育力，寿命和产奶量）的影响最大。如果后代是由两个纯种父母亲杂交而成的，那么它将从每个父母亲中获得一组独特且不同的等位基因，并具有直接的杂种优势。直接杂种优势是后代的表现比其父母的平均表现更高。直接杂种优势对小牛的生长速度和大小特征影响最大。如果大坝本身是杂种，那么她的杂种优势将使她的小牛受益。大坝将表现出对产妇影响的杂种优势，例如产奶，并且这种母源杂种优势将帮助小牛断奶体重比小牛拥有纯种大坝时高。如果您将犊牛的成长更快的优势与在繁重的犊牛中长期待在牛群中的优势相结合，那么很明显为什么同时利用直接杂种优势和母本杂种优势对您的育种计划是有利的。

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