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首页> 外文期刊>Australian Forestry >Genetic resistance in Pinus radiata to defoliation by the pine aphid Essigella californica.
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Genetic resistance in Pinus radiata to defoliation by the pine aphid Essigella californica.

机译：松蚜 Essigella californica 对辐射松的遗传抗性。

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The Monterey pine aphid, Essigella californica, has been associated with extensive defoliation and growth losses in radiata pine (Pinus radiata) plantations in south-eastern Australia since it was first detected in 1998. HVP plantations (HVPP) observed variation in the level of defoliation between clones in clonal seed orchards and archives, and initiated a programme of assessment of progeny trials. Between 2001 and 2005, defoliation was assessed in a provenance trial, a subset of clones within a seed orchard, and 18 progeny trials (some repeatedly). Needle retention in upper crowns was scored on a scale of 1-10, rather than needle loss, because this ensured higher scores equated to the desirable state of the assessed trait. There were significant differences in the extent of retained foliage between populations, and between sub-populations within populations. The inland northern (Coastways Ranch) sub-population of Ano Nuevo population had the highest level of retained foliage in the upper crown (mean score of 8.3), and the northern (Pico Creek, Haarst Ranch) sub-population of the Cambrian population had the least retained foliage (5.0). Estimates of heritability from progeny trials ranged from 0 to 0.9, and averaged approximately 0.5 in trials where there was a significant family (maternal) effect. Cross-site analysis using a family model resulted in an overall heritability of 0.4. Genetic correlations between assessments across two trials in 2004 and those in 2001 and 2003 were high, suggesting that defoliation due to aphids is consistent across years and can be considered to be the same trait. In addition to the observed differences between provenances and families, there were significant differences between clones, and average levels of retained foliage among clones ranged from 1.9 to 9.4. HVPP has used this information to develop an aphid-resistant breed of radiata pine which has been deployed on an increasing scale since 2005 into the most susceptible areas of its Victorian estate.
机译：自蒙特利松蚜虫在澳大利亚东南部首次发现以来，它与澳大利亚东南部辐射松（ Pinus radiata ）人工林的大量落叶和生长损失有关。 1998年。HVP种植园（HVPP）观察到了无性系种子园和档案馆中的克隆之间的脱叶水平变化，并启动了评估后代试验的计划。在2001年至2005年之间，在来源试验，种子园内的一部分克隆以及18个后代试验（有些重复）中评估了落叶的发生。上冠的持针量为1-10，而不是针头脱落，因为这样可以确保较高的分数等于所评估特征的理想状态。种群之间以及种群内亚种群之间的保留枝叶范围存在显着差异。 Ano Nuevo人口的内陆北部（Coastways Ranch）子种群在上部树冠（平均得分为8.3）中保留的叶子水平最高，而寒武纪人口的北部（Pico Creek，Haarst Ranch）子种群的保留叶子最高。保留最少的树叶（5.0）。后代试验的遗传力估计范围为0到0.9，在有明显的家庭（母亲）效应的试验中，平均值大约为0.5。使用家庭模型进行的跨站点分析得出的总体遗传力为0.4。在2004年和2001年以及2003年的两项试验中，评估之间的遗传相关性很高，这表明由于蚜虫引起的脱叶在多年间是一致的，可以认为是同一性状。除了观察到的出处和科之间的差异外，克隆之间也存在显着差异，并且克隆之间保留的叶子的平均水平在1.9到9.4之间。 HVPP利用这些信息开发了一种抗蚜虫辐射松树，自2005年以来已逐渐将其部署到其维多利亚州最易受影响的地区。

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