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首页> 外文期刊>Asian Journal of Plant Sciences >Chemical and defoliation effects on fruitset of apple (Malus domestica).
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Chemical and defoliation effects on fruitset of apple (Malus domestica).

机译：化学和脱叶对苹果（Malus domestica）果实的影响。

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摘要

Experiments were carried out at Klein Altendorf station in 2001 and 2002 with the objectives of finding the effect of the chemicals and defoliation on yield, fruit set and quality of apples and investigate how photosynthesis and transpiration are affected by one of the chemical thinners (i.e., Azolon). At a dose of 10 mg ai/Li Ethrel (Flodimex) thinned better than at 5 mg ai/Li in 2001 while at 3 mg/Li in 2002 it achieved the required fruit set by thinning before June drop 62 and 15%, respectively after June drop compared to 49% of the unsprayed control and improved fruit size while yield per tree was reduced by 31% by Ethrel at 10 mg ai/Li but not Ethrel at 5 mg i/Li which had no effect on yield. Mean fruit weight was unaffected by the treatments. The foliar urea based fertilizer Azolon fluid at 75 mg ai/Li applied at full bloom, resulted in 61% fruit set before and 17% after June drop in 2002, slight leaf yellowing, killing and epinasty 7 days after treatment application which disappeared 14 days later but probably started earlier and a slight reduction in leaf photosynthesis and transpiration rates. However, Azolon fluid (i.e., methylene urea or urea formaldehyde) yielded smaller fruit than Ethrel (Flordimex), but larger fruits than the untreated control trees, without affecting fruit yield. The partial and gradual defoliation of selected primary spur leaves reduced fruit set to 50% before and 14% after June drop. These results provide evidence that reductions in photosynthetic rate or photosynthetic leaf area during the period of flowering is sufficient and can successfully induce thinning with a commensurate efficacy of the chemical thinners.
机译：实验于2001年和2002年在克莱因·阿尔滕多夫（Klein Altendorf）站进行，目的是发现化学物质和脱叶对苹果的产量，坐果和品质的影响，并研究其中一种化学稀释剂对光合作用和蒸腾作用的影响（例如， Azolon）。当剂量为10 mg ai / Li时，Ethrel（Flodimex）的稀释效果要好于2001年的5 mg ai / Li，而2002年为3 mg / Li时，通过在6月份之前稀疏实现了所需的结实率，分别下降62％和15％。与未喷雾对照的49％相比，6月下降，并且果实尺寸有所改善，而10 mg ai / Li的Ethrel使每棵树的产量降低31％，而5 mg i / Li的Ethrel对单株树的产量却没有影响。平均果实重量不受处理的影响。叶面喷施尿素基肥料Azolon液量为75 mg ai / Li，在盛花期施肥，2002年6月果实落果率分别为61％和17％，落果后为17％，施药后7天叶片略有泛黄，致死和结实，消失14天较晚但可能较早开始，叶片的光合作用和蒸腾速率略有降低。但是，Azolon流体（即亚甲基尿素或脲甲醛）产生的果实比Ethrel（Flordimex）小，但果实比未处理的对照树大，而不会影响果实的产量。选定的主刺叶的部分和逐渐脱叶使坐果率下降至6月下降之前的50％和之后的14％。这些结果提供了证据，表明开花期间光合速率或光合叶面积的减少是足够的，并且可以成功地诱导稀疏，同时具有化学稀释剂的相应功效。

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