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首页> 外文期刊>Icarus: International Journal of Solar System Studies >Annual survey of water vapor vertical distribution and water-aerosol coupling in the martian atmosphere observed by SPICAM/MEx solar occultations
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Annual survey of water vapor vertical distribution and water-aerosol coupling in the martian atmosphere observed by SPICAM/MEx solar occultations

机译：SPICAM / MEx太阳掩星观测火星大气中水汽垂直分布和水气溶胶耦合的年度调查

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The vertical distribution of water vapor is a very important diagnostic to determine the physical and chemical processes that drive the martian water cycle. Yet, very few direct measurements have been performed so far, and our knowledge of the H_2O vertical distribution on Mars relies on General Circulation Models (GCMs). The study presented here follows for the first time the evolution of water vapor profile during a martian year. 120 profiles, obtained by the SPICAM spectrometer onboard Mars Express with the solar occultations technique, are retrieved. They cover the northern spring-summer season and the southern spring of Mars Year (MY) 29. The seasonal evolution of H_2O mixing ratio vertical distribution reveals its strong dynamism, especially during southern spring. There are significant discrepancies with the predictions of the General Circulation Model developed at the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD-GCM). The LMD-GCM underestimates the water vapor content in the middle atmosphere. The measured profiles also exhibit often abrupt temporal variations and a greater variety of shapes, with the frequent presence of detached layers. We believe that the model underestimates the strength of the coupling between water vapor and aerosols, whose slant optical depth profile is obtained by SPICAM simultaneously with H_2O. The SPICAM measurements can be grouped according to the mutual behavior of the two profiles. Individual features are often related too. The presence of water supersaturation and of correlated aerosol-water detached layers highlights the role of water ice clouds as a favorable location for the dust-water coupling. The water vapor vertical distribution is more reactive than expected to regional perturbations, which can propagate rapidly through the atmosphere, create abrupt water vapor and aerosol upsurges and influence the large-scale vertical evolution of these two constituents. This phenomenon has been observed thrice during MY29. The martian annual water cycle revealed by the SPICAM profiles exhibits a different behavior with respect to nadir observations. This result suggests a generally weak connection between the upper atmosphere and the lower atmospheric layers, to whom the nadir measurements are most sensitive and that are not resolved by SPICAM occultations, and hints at a significant influence of surface-atmosphere interactions on the water cycle.
机译：水蒸气的垂直分布是确定驱动火星水循环的物理和化学过程的非常重要的诊断方法。但是，到目前为止，几乎没有进行过直接测量，而我们对火星上H_2O垂直分布的了解依赖于一般环流模型（GCM）。此处提出的研究首次跟踪了火星年水汽剖面的演变。检索了120幅剖面图，这些剖面图是由Mars Express上的SPICAM光谱仪利用太阳掩星技术获得的。它们涵盖了29个火星年（MY）春季的北部春季和夏季季节。H_2O混合比垂直分布的季节性演变显示出其强烈的动力，特别是在南部春季。与由MétéorologieDynamique实验室（LMD-GCM）开发的“总循环模型”的预测存在重大差异。 LMD-GCM低估了中间大气中的水蒸气含量。所测得的轮廓还经常表现出突然的时间变化和形状的多样性，并且经常存在分离的层。我们认为该模型低估了水蒸气和气溶胶之间的耦合强度，其倾斜光学深度轮廓是通过SPICAM与H_2O同时获得的。可以根据两个配置文件的相互行为对SPICAM测量结果进行分组。个别功能也经常相关。水过饱和以及相关的气溶胶-水分离层的存在突出了水冰云作为粉尘-水耦合的有利位置的作用。水蒸气的垂直分布对区域​​扰动的反应性比预期的要高，该扰动可在大气中快速传播，产生突然的水蒸气和气溶胶高潮，并影响这两个成分的大规模垂直演化。在MY29期间已观察到三次这种现象。 SPICAM剖面揭示的火星年度水循环相对于最低点观测值表现出不同的行为。该结果表明，高空大气层和低空大气层之间的连接通常较弱，天底测量对它们最敏感，SPICAM掩星法不能解决这一问题，并暗示了表面-大气相互作用对水​​循环的重大影响。

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