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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Aerosol exposure versus aerosol cooling of climate: What is the optimal emission reduction strategy for human health?
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Aerosol exposure versus aerosol cooling of climate: What is the optimal emission reduction strategy for human health?

机译：气溶胶暴露与气溶胶冷却对气候的影响：对人类健康而言，最佳的减排策略是什么？

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摘要

Particles, climate change, and health have thought-provoking interactions. Air pollution is one of the largest environmental problems concerning human health. On the other hand, aerosol particles can have a cooling effect on climate and a reduction of those emissions may result in an increased temperature globally, which in turn may have negative health effects. The objective of this work was to investigate the "total health effects" of aerosol emissions, which include both exposure to particles and consequences for climate change initiated by particles. As a case study the "total health effect" from ship emissions was derived by subtracting the number of deaths caused by exposure with the estimated number of lives saved from the cooling effect of the emissions. The analysis showed that, with current level of scientific understanding, it could not be determined whether ship emissions are negative or positive for human health on a short time scale. This first attempt to approximate the combined effect of particle emissions on health shows that reductions of particulate air pollution will in some cases (black carbon) have win-win effects on health and climate, but sometimes also cause a shift from particle exposure-related health effects towards an increasing risk of health consequences from climate change. Thus, measures to reduce aerosol emissions have to be coupled with climate change mitigation actions to achieve a full health benefit on a global level.
机译：颗粒，气候变化和健康之间存在令人发指的相互作用。空气污染是有关人类健康的最大环境问题之一。另一方面，气溶胶颗粒可以对气候产生冷却作用，减少这些排放物可能导致全球温度升高，进而对健康产生负面影响。这项工作的目的是调查气溶胶排放的“整体健康影响”，包括暴露于颗粒物以及颗粒物引发的气候变化后果。作为一个案例研究，船舶排放中​​的“总体健康影响”是通过将暴露引起的死亡人数减去排放物冷却效应所节省的估计生命数而得出的。分析表明，按照目前的科学理解水平，无法确定船舶排放在短时间内对人类健康是负面还是正面。首次尝试估算颗粒物排放对健康的综合影响表明，减少颗粒空气污染（黑碳）在某些情况下将对健康和气候产生双赢的影响，但有时也会导致与颗粒物暴露相关的健康发生转变造成气候变化对健康造成危害的风险增加。因此，减少气溶胶排放的措施必须与减缓气候变化的措施相结合，以在全球范围内实现全面的健康利益。

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