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A new parametrization for ambient particle formation over coniferous forests and its potential implications for the future

机译：针叶林环境粒子形成的新参数化及其对未来的潜在影响

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摘要

Atmospheric new particle formation is a general phenomenon observed over coniferous forests. So far nucleation is either parameterised as a function of gaseous sulphuric acid concentration only, which is unable to explain the observed seasonality of nucleation events at different measurement sites, or as a function of sulphuric acid and organic molecules. Here we introduce different nucleation parameters based on the interaction of sulphuric acid and terpene oxidation products and elucidate the individual importance. They include basic trace gas and meteorological measurements such as ozone and water vapour concentrations, temperature (for terpene emission) and UV B radiation as a proxy for OH radical formation. We apply these new parameters to field studies conducted at conducted at Finnish and German measurement sites and compare these to nucleation observations on a daily and annual scale. General agreement was found, although the specific compounds responsible for the nucleation process remain speculative. This can be interpreted as follows: During cooler seasons the emission of biogenic terpenes and the OH availability limits the new particle formation while towards warmer seasons the ratio of ozone and water vapour concentration seems to dominate the general behaviour. Therefore, organics seem to support ambient nucleation besides sulphuric acid or an OH-related compound. Using these nucleation parameters to extrapolate the current conditions to prognosed future concentrations of ozone, water vapour and organic concentrations leads to a significant potential increase in the nucleation event number.
机译：大气新粒子的形成是在针叶林中观察到的普遍现象。到目前为止，成核要么被参数化为仅作为气态硫酸浓度的函数，而这不能解释观察到的在不同测量位置的成核事件的季节性，要么被参数化为硫酸和有机分子的函数。在此，我们根据硫酸和萜烯氧化产物的相互作用介绍不同的成核参数，并阐明其个体重要性。它们包括基本的痕量气体和气象测量，例如臭氧和水蒸气浓度，温度（用于萜烯排放）和UV B辐射（作为OH自由基形成的代表）。我们将这些新参数应用于在芬兰和德国测量站点进行的野外研究，并将其与每天和每年的成核观测值进行比较。尽管引起成核过程的特定化合物仍是推测性的，但已达成普遍共识。这可以解释为：在较冷的季节中，生物萜类的排放和OH的可利用性限制了新颗粒的形成，而在较暖的季节中，臭氧和水蒸气浓度的比例似乎是主要的行为。因此，除了硫酸或与OH相关的化合物外，有机物似乎还支持环境成核。使用这些成核参数将当前条件外推到可预测的臭氧，水蒸气和有机物的未来浓度，可导致成核事件数量显着增加。

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