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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Relationships between size-fractionated indoor and outdoor trace elements at four retirement communities in southern California
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Relationships between size-fractionated indoor and outdoor trace elements at four retirement communities in southern California

机译：加利福尼亚南部四个退休社区的室内和室外微量元素的大小关系

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Indoor and outdoor water soluble trace elements (TEs) were analyzed on quasi-ultrafine (UF), accumulation, and coarse PM filter samples collected at four retirement communities, three located in the San Gabriel Valley and one in Riverside, CA. Our analysis indicates that a complex mix of vehicular, industrial, and soil-related emissions was responsible for the elemental concentrations measured at the three San Gabriel sites, while regional transport, soil re-suspension and, to a lower degree, local traffic contributed to TE levels observed in Riverside. In the quasi-UF mode, the magnitude of indoor/outdoor concentration ratios (I/O) for elements of anthropogenic origin was highly variable, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of combustion sources in the study area. Indoor/outdoor ratios in accumulation mode PM were closer to 1, and more homogeneous across sites, indicating that elements associated with this size fraction penetrate indoors with high efficiencies. The lowest overall I/O ratios were obtained for elements found in coarse particles, consistent with the fact that only a small portion of coarse outdoor PM infiltrates indoors. The potential of S and other TEs to serve as tracers of indoor-penetrated particles of outdoor origin was also examined. Our results suggest that using the I/O ratio of S (I/O-S) as a surrogate of the infiltration factor for PM2.5 [Finf(PM2.5)] might lead to an overestimation of the indoor PM2.5 originating outdoors. This is in contrast with what was reported in previous studies conducted in the Eastern US, where S has been consistently used as a reliable tracer of outdoor PM2.5 infiltrating indoors. Our differences may be due to the fact that in the Los Angeles basin (and in general in the Western US) PM2.5 includes a number of semi-volatile labile species, such as ammonium nitrate and several organic compounds, which volatilize either entirely or to a substantial degree upon building entry.
机译：分析了室内和室外的水溶性痕量元素（TEs），分析了四个退休社区（其中三个位于圣盖博谷地，一个位于加利福尼亚州里弗赛德）收集的准超细颗粒（UF），积累和粗颗粒PM过滤器样品。我们的分析表明，车辆，工业和与土壤有关的排放物的复杂混合是在圣加布里埃尔三个地点测得的元素浓度的原因，而区域运输，土壤重新悬浮以及在较低程度上的当地交通造成了这种情况。在河边观察到的TE水平。在准超滤模式下，人为来源元素的室内/室外浓度比（I / O）的大小变化很大，反映了研究区域内燃烧源的空间异质性。累积模式PM中的室内/室外比率接近于1，并且在各个站点之间更均匀，这表明与此尺寸分数相关的元素以较高的效率穿透室内。对于粗颗粒中发现的元素，获得了最低的总I / O比，这与仅一小部分粗室外PM渗透到室内这一事实是一致的。还检查了S和其他TE用作室外穿透的室内穿透颗粒的示踪剂的潜力。我们的结果表明，使用S的I / O比（I / O-S）替代PM2.5 [Finf（PM2.5）]的渗透因子可能会导致对源自室外的室内PM2.5的高估。这与先前在美国东部进行的研究中所报道的相反，在美国东部，S一直被用作室外渗透到室内的PM2.5的可靠示踪剂。我们的差异可能是由于这样一个事实，在洛杉矶盆地（以及整个美国西部），PM2.5包括许多半挥发性不稳定物质，例如硝酸铵和几种有机化合物，它们会完全挥发或挥发。在建筑物进入时在很大程度上。

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